11
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UNivERsmr
PENNSYL\^^NL^
UBRARIES
AVOIDING THE THEME PARK:
A STUDY OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF AUGUSTUS EDISON CONSTANTINE,
AND THE NEED FOR PRESERVATION POLICY REFORM IN CHARLESTON,
SOUTH CAROLINA FOR THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY
Lissa D'Aquisto Felzer
A THESIS
in
Historic Preservation
Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
2000
Supfervis^r
B/bgevW. Moss, Ph D
Adjunct Professor of Historic Preservation
^/Ui^
K^\liAA.^
;;aduare Group Chair
Fram^^Matero
Associate Professor of Historic Preservation
Reader!
Robert D Russell, Jr\ Ph D
Addlestone Professor of
Architectural History
College of Charleston, SC
UNivERsrnf
OF
PENNSYLVANti
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Roger W Moss, for his
guidance and assistance in completing this thesis from afar Also many thanks go to
Robert Russell, my reader and mentor, for going above and beyond on my behalf in this
project. I am grateful to those who provided assistance in research, and with interviews;
all of the staff at the South Carolina Historical Society, the Post and Courier Library, and
the South Carolina History Room at the Charleston County Library, John Tracy Powers,
Robert Stockton, Jimmy Liollio, Creighton Frampton, John M. Mitchell, A. I. A., John
McCrady, Jr., and Lucille Von Kolnitz. Special thanks go to Elliott Constantine for
allowing me to plunder his office, and for all of his assistance, without which this project
would not have been possible. Of course, thanks to my husband for an endless supply of
support and patience, and Rebecca for data entry when I was at my wits end.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ii
List of Images v
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 ; Preservation in Ciiarleston 4
Chapter 2: Biography 13
Chapters: Architects Practicing in Charleston, 1940-1959 21
Chapter 4; Influences on Constantine's Designs 29
Chapter 5: Constantine's Projects in Charleston, 1940-1959 37
Conclusion 58
Bibliography 60
Appendices:
A: Maps 66
B: Comprehensive List of Course Work 71
C: Ledger 75
D: Images 140
E: Sampling of Books from Constantine's Oflfice 149
Index 152
List of Images
Figure 1: Gus Constantine at work with his son, Elliott, c. 1972. Courtesy of Constantine
and Constantine Architects.
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1: Fa9ade Changes to 8 State Street as submitted to the BAR, February 1955.
McDonald Papers, South Carolina Historical Society.
Figure 1.2: Revision of Facade changes to 8 State Street as suggested by Albert Simons,
February 7, 1955. McDonald Papers, South Carolina Historical Society.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1: College of Charleston Gymnasium. Photographed by author, 4/00.
Figure 3.2: The Dock Street Theatre Photographed by author, 5/98.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1: Balustrade from the J. J. Goodrum House, Atlanta, GA. Dowling, Elizabeth
Meredith. American Classicist: 77}e Architecture of Philip Trainmell
Shutze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989, plate 195, page 156.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1: Chase Furniture Company Store, 414 King Street, photographed by author,
8/99.
Figure 5.2: St. Philip Street Shops, measured drawings, 1945. Augustus Edison
Constantine, St. Philip Street Shops, 1945. South Carolina Historical
Society.
Figure 5.3: St. Philip Street Shops, current conditions. Photographed by author, 2/00
Figure 5.4: John P. Botzis Building, 139 Calhoun Street Photographed by author, 2/00
Figure 5.5: Citizens and Southern National Bank Building, 284 King Street.
Photographed by author, 2/00.
Figure 5.6: Citizens and Southern National Bank, interior detail. Photographed by author,
2/00
Figure 5.7: The American Theatre, 446 King Street. Photographed by author, 8/99.
Figure 5.8: The Arcade Theatre and Shops, rendering, 1947. Augustus Edison
Constantine, Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured drawings 1947 South
Carolina Historical Society.
Figure 5.9: The Arcade Theatre and Shops, current conditions Photographed by author,
8/99.
Figure 5.10: Ebenezer A. M. E. Church, 44 Nassau Street. Photographed by author, 3/00.
Figure 5.11: Entrance to the former James Island Elementary School, 1955.
Photographed by author 2/00.
Figure 5.12: Courtenay School, Corner of Meeting and Mary Streets. Photograph
courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects, date unknown.
Figure 5.13: Citadel Alumni House, formerly the Kronsberg Residence, 97 Hagood
Street. Photographed by author, 3/00.
Figure 5,14: Hampton Inn, formerly Chicco Apartments, 345 Meeting Street.
Photographed by author, 8/99.
Appendix A
Figure A. 1: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1931. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.
Figure A. 2: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1966. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.
Figure A.3: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1974. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.
Figure A. 4: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1997. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.
Appendix D
Figure D.l: Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/2000) Photographed by
author, 8/99.
Figure D.2; Cowperthwaite Building, 209-213 King Street (1946, aUered, date unknown)
Approved for demolition 3/22/2000.
Figure D.3: Health, Education, and Welfare Building, Atlanta, GA (1939). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown
Figure D.4; J. C. Long Residence, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina (1948). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.
Figure D.5: Condon's Department Store, 431 King Street (1946, 1947, and multiple
campaigns of additions and alterations, demolished, 1995). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.
Figure D.6; McClennan Banks Memorial Hospital, rendering, Courtenay Drive (1956)
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph
unknown.
Figure D.7: Haverty's Furmture Store, 294 King Street (1942). Photographed by author,
2/2000.
Figure D.8: Van Smith Building Materials Company, 276 East Bay Street (1949).
Photographed by author, 3/2000.
Figure D.9: Martschink Building, 26 Cumberland Street (1944). Photographed by author,
2/2000.
Figure D.IO: 307 King Street, date unknown. Photographed by author, 8/99.
Figure D.l 1: Charleston County Hall, 1000 King Street (1953). Photographed by author,
3/2000.
Figure D.12: Marilyn's Shoe Store, 299 King Street (1945). Photographed by author,
3/2000.
Figure D.13: McAlister's Mortuary, rendering, 163 Meeting Street (1953). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects.
Figure D.14: McAlister's Mortuary, 150 Wentworth Street (1956). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.
vu
Figure D.15: Morris Street Baptist Church, 25-29 Morris Street (1964). Photographed by
author, 8/99.
Figure D. 16: Blessed Sacrament Church, U.S. Highway 17 (1950). Photographed by
author, 3/20.
Introduction
According to the chief historian of the preservation movement in America, "It is
within the power of the legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful
as well as healthy, spacious as well as clean, well-balanced as well as carefully
patrolled." The City of Charleston has been fortunate to have such legislators with
foresight to understand the importance of having a beautiful, healthy, vibrant community
Because of this foresight an ordinance creating an historic district was passed in 193 1, the
first in this country, and to this day the physical fabric of the history of Charleston is
intact like no other city in the United States. As a result, Charleston has led the way for
other cities to develop similar ordinances. Over time such legislation may have a
tendency to ossify, leaving the streetscape frozen in time Now as we enter into the 2r'
Century, Charleston's legislation may need to be reviewed and altereded, just as it was in
1974, to respond to changing needs.
Architecture of the mid-20 ' Century is unappreciated and, therefore unprotected
in Charleston. There are few buildings extant in Charleston that were constructed in the
popular styles of the 1940s and 50s: Art Deco, Moderne, or the International style
Augustus Edison Constantine was one architect who dared to create designs in the mid-
20''' Century that deviated from the lines of traditional Charleston architecture. While
other architectural firms such as Simons and Lapham, and Halsey and Cummings were
designing buildings in more Classical modes, and restoring older buildings, Constantine
Charles B. Hosmer, Jr., Presen'arion Comes of Age: From Williamsburg lo the .\aiional Tnisi, 1 926- 1949
(Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia. 1981): 1071.
1
was creating more modern buildings reflective of mid-20"' century styles These
buildings stand out in the streetscape and deserve to be recognized as worthy of
preservation.
Charleston's preservation community is beginning to recognize the value of 20^'-
century architecture, but that recognition is slow and inconsistent In 1987 preservation
advocates rallied support against the demolition of the Art Deco Riviera Theater (1938).
They collected 5,000 signatures and presented the petition to the Board of Architectural
Review (BAR) to save the building." However, the BAR granted approval for another
Art Deco facade on State Street to be modified to a bland Colonial Revival facade less
than five years ago. During the writing of this thesis, Constantine's Marion Square
Bandstand (1944) was demolished; and approval was granted for the demolition of the
Cowperthwaite Building (1946) at 209-213 King Street? If the City of Charleston were
to amend its historic preservation ordinance, the recognition of significant 20"'-century
structures may not be so slow, and fewer of these buildings might be lost.
Even today there is a battle raging between different factions of the preservation
community over the design of the College of Charleston's new library planned for the
corner of Calhoun and Coming Streets. There are those supporters who want new
buildings to look contemporary, to reflect when they were built. One of their greatest
fears is if new buildings do not reflect when they were designed, and are created in the
' Charles Edwin Chase. "Charleston: Guarding Her Customs. Buildings, and Laws." Historic Presen'aiion
Forum Magazine (YaW 1998).
^ Approval was granted by the BAR to demolish the Marion Square Bandstand in August 1998 The
building was demolished on March 17. 2000. Approval for the demolition of the Cowperthwaite Building
was granted at the BAR hearing of 3/22/00.
■* Robert Bchre. "Design Philosophies at Odds Over Library," [Charleston] Post and Courier (April 3.
2000): C-1.
2
more traditional modes, the city will turn into a theme park." It is believed that the
atmosphere of a theme park would be created from a homogeneous streetscape — a
streetscape frozen in time as may have happened in Sante Fe, New Mexico, and
Nantucket, Massachusetts, Still there are others in the preservation community that
believe there is no place in Charleston for contemporary architecture: they think the
design of the new library should be reflective of historic styles. ''
Constantine is most well known for his commercial structures on King Street in
downtown Charleston. However, he was commissioned for many other building types
throughout Charleston County, the surrounding counties, and out of state; public works,
churches, schools, warehouses, residences, theaters and office and apartment buildings.
He also completed additions and alterations to existing structures.
Constantine obtained far too many commissions throughout the course of his
career to discuss individually here In the interest of trying to promote awareness and
appreciation for mid-20 '-century architecture, I have limited the scope of this paper to
those of Constantine' s buildings which survive in the Old and Historic, or the Old City
Districts of Charleston, and were designed between 1940 and 1959. These parameters
undoubtedly leave out many outstanding designs created by Constantine, however it is
hoped that this will only be the first of many works devoted to the study of his
architecture.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Chapter 1: Preservation in Charleston
The City of Charleston established the first historic preservation district in this
country in 1931. The ordinance has been amended several times over the last 69 years.
These amendments have served to increase the power and scope of the Board of
Architectural Review (BAR), and have increased the boundaries of the district from a
small neighborhood south of Broad Street, to encompass the entire peninsula south of Mt
Pleasant Street in either the Old and Historic District, or the Old City District.^ The BAR
itself started out primarily as an advisory board of five members,^ which expanded to a
seven member board with more regulatory power/*
The historic preservation ordinance was established in Charleston as a result of
development pressures felt by the city after World War 1. As Charleston recovered
economically from the effects of the Depression, and the city became more accessible to
the outside world with the opening of bridges over the Ashley River (1926)", and the
Cooper River (1929),'' the character of the city became threatened: increased traffic on
' The Old and Historic District Ordinance was amended in 1959. 1966. 1975, 1985. 1990. and 1997
~ City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Article 2: Part 6. section 54-231. See Appendix A for maps
showing boundaries of the Old and Historic District and The Old City District.
^ Debbi Rlioad. 'The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 1931-1993." Presen'ation Progress
(spring 1993): p. 14. The original five members were each selected from a specific area of expertise in the
community. One member each came from. The Carolina Art Association, the local chapter of the American
Institute of Architects, the Charleston Real Estate Exchange, the local chapter of the American Society of
Civil Engineers, and the City's Planning and Zoning Commission.
■* City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance. Article 2. Section 54-233 Two members of the Board are
appointed by the Mayor from the community at large, and the rest are elected b> City Council Of the
members elected by City Council there must be an architect, an engineer, and a realtor, with two more
members from the community at large.
' Sydney Bland, Preserving Charleston 's Past, Shaping its Future (Columbia; University of South Carolina
Press, 1999): 72.
' Ibid.
the streets, the constaiction of gasoline stations and parking lots, and the removal of
architectural elements from many buildings by collectors
Charleston has always been a city steeped in tradition After World War 1 the city
was still being ruled by the same old planter families who were "noncommercial in
orientation and unalterably opposed to the social changes represented by such forces as
industrialization."^ They fought for the preservation of Charleston as it was known in its
so-called golden age, before the Civil War One author, when writing in 1 93 1 about
Charleston being so well preserved when compared with older northern cities, stated,
"Charleston suq^asses every other town in the country, as a museum of accumulated
domestic architecture up to the period [post-Civil War] when we cease to have any
domestic architecture worth the name "'' Preservation advocates cried out that the
Charleston landscape must be preserved against "the smoke, the tumult, the deadening
monotony, the fret of . industrial civilization ""* Another argument was made by the
preservation advocate, Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, "when America is wearied of too much
industry, when her fingers are blistered from coupon clipping and her lungs blackened
with carbon, she can leave her busy marts and come to our city "
Charleston suffered a multitude of natural disasters in the second half of the 19"
Century, two of which were a devastating fire in 1861, and a major earthquake in 1886
' Ibid. A classic example of this is when the Joseph Manigault House was threatened by demolition for the
construction of an automobile dealership. The house was preserved, but only at the expense of selling a
portion of the lot to Standard Oil Company for a gasoline filling station
* John P. Radford. "Social Structure and Urban Form: Charleston. 1860-1880. m Walter J. Frascr and
Winifred B. Moore. Eds., From the Old South to the New: Essays on the Transitional South (Wcslport.
Connecticut. 1981): 87
' "A Cit>- that Lives as a Monument," New York Tunes Magazine (No\eniber 1 . 1 93 1 ): n p Aichiteclurc
File. Charleston County Librar\'. South Carolina History' Room
"^ "Letter to the Editor." Charleston News and Courier (December 12. 1933).
" Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, Prints and Impressions of Charleston (Columbia, South Carolma, 1939) n.p.
Both of these events destroyed much of the city's antebellum architecture and might help
to explain this distaste for anything constructed after the Civil War The fire of 1 86 1
swept across 540 acres of the most densely populated area of the peninsula. The Civil
War had begun and with fewer men to respond to the fire, which was fijeled by strong
northeasterly winds, it raged unchecked. It burned a wide path across the peninsula from
the east end of Hasell Street to the marshes south of Tradd Street and west of Legare
Street (the area directly outside what would later be designated as the Old and Historic
District in 1931).'^ The earthquake of 1886 was felt in a greater area of the world than
any other on record. It shook a 2.5 million square mile area extending as far as northern
Wisconsin and southern Texas. '^ The greatest damage was felt in Charleston About
2,000 buildings were severely damaged and more than one hundred were declared unsafe
and had to be razed. The total property damage was estimated around six million
dollars.''' Such almost incomprehensible events would defimtely leave a lasting
impression on Charlestonians who long for quieter, less tragic days prior to the 1860s
The preference for antebellum architecture prevailed into the late 1950s, and it
was perpetuated by the BAR itself Albert Simons, prominent Charleston architect, was a
member of the BAR from its inception until 1975, when he retired '^ He was a
traditionalist, and the only architect on the Board throughout his entire tenure ^ He was
a principal in the firm of Simons and Lapham, which mainly devoted hs practice to the
'^ Jack Leland, "The Holy City Has Burned. Burned, Burned." [Charleston] News and Courier (Fcbruars 4.
1979): 6-C.
'^ "Charleston Earthquake, 1886," The Columbia Record Magazine (August 27, 1961). Earthquake File.
The South Carolina Historv Room. Charleston County Librar\'.
'^Ibid.
'^ Debbi Rlioad. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 1931-1993." Preservation Progress
(Spring, 1993): p. 18.
restoration of antebellum residences and plantations in the Charleston area '^ Simons
could hardly have served as the only architect on the BAR without having a great deal of
influence on the plans that were approved. When Simons was being interviewed upon
his retirement from the Board, he was quoted as saying, "The BAR does more than
accept or reject. It exists also 'to assist, to guide.' That's meant a lot of hours working in
this office on unacceptable schemes."'^ In February of 1955, an application for work at
8 State Street was denied Accompanying a letter concerning the denial, Frederick
McDonald, Chairman of the BAR, enclosed a revision of the elevation stating, "A
simpler fa?ade is attached as a suggestion," with the stamp of approval from the BAR
(see figure 1.2 and 1.3).'' In this instance it is clear that the BAR could be a positive
force for good architectural design.
Another reference to the preference for antebellum architecture can be found in a
newspaper article from the Chaiiestou Evening Post (1957): "A lack of prosperity
immediately after the War Between the States until after the turn of the 20"' Century
impeded the quality of Charleston architecture for years, as it did throughout the
Confederate States. "^° It is this lack of appreciation for late 19"'-century structures
during the first half of this century that is reminiscent of current times when the citizens
Gardner B. Miller. "Simons leaves BAR "Action' After 43 Years," News and Courier (June 16. 1975) 1-
B.
'^ South Carolina Historical Society has many, if not all. of the drawings done by Simons and Lapham.
The majority of those drawings are restoration of, or alterations to antebellum buildings on the peninsula as
well as plantations in the Charleston area. This will be discussed in more detail m chapter 5.
'* Gardner B. Miller, "Simons leaves BAR "Action' After 43 Years," A'evwanfi^CoMner (June 16. 1975) 1-
B.
'^ South Carolina Historical Society. McDonald Papers. Letter to Joseph Needle. Citv Engineer. Fcbruan
8, 1955.
^° "Architectural Styles Preser\ed." Charlesion Evening Fosi (Februar) 22. 1957). On file at the
Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room. Architecture File.
m - . 1 1
^50
■€M>C> i • '
|44ij44j^ rlTfrfjjl' .@^§
STH i.. ■ M-^3 ■"':
.^;:.-...ii l-_
Figure 1.1 Facade changes as submitted
of Charleston and the Board of Architectural Review fail to recognize the value of mid
20^-century architecture.
Since the inception of Charleston's Board of Architectural Review, the city has
successfully preserved 18"'
and 19 '-century structures.
While these structures are
important, twentieth-century
architecture has been
severely neglected Interest
in older buildings should not
preclude efforts to preserve
significant 20"'-century
structures, some of which
will soon be a centui^ old
A city should be treated as a
living organism whose
history is on going. The
1940s and 50s were
significant decades in the history of our country, and should be treated as such There is
very little evidence of this period left in the streetscape of Charleston. The continued loss
of these 20* -century structures would potentially result in a homogeneous streetscape,
which would be very detrimental to the city. This tendency toward homogeneity was
recognized in a 1957 newspaper article, not as necessarily being a detriment, but rather
' F- K^ <::> CO -1^ ^l_ e.-v'-OvT I
Figure 1.2 Facade after BAR revisions
appropriate, "There are examples in the city of departure from the conservative and
traditional lines of the past," the author writes, "but these are found in only scattered
instances." The same author continued, "Charleston architects are utilizing new
techniques and materials available to them, and capitalizing on the lure of the city's
tremendous architectural history to attempt to achieve well-rounded, yet still conservative
and traditional products." ^
Augustus Edison Constantine is an under-appreciated architect from the mid- 20^'
Century who was deviating in his designs from traditional lines. Most of his
commissions were executed in the Moderne, International, and Art Deco styles, while
continuing to work in the Classical mode. The myopic concentration on preserving
Charleston's structures from earlier centuries has caused many of Constantine' s buildings
to fall into a state of ruin, while others are being demolished /" Charleston was a leader
in the preservation movement in the early part of this century, it has helped set a national
precedent. Cities throughout the country continue to look to Charleston as a model for
creating their own historic districts. What sort of example is being put forth by a city that
fails to recognize significant 20* -century structures?
The Federal Government adheres to this standard when considering if a property
is eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places Many other historic
preservation districts in this country recognize a building or site to be historic if it is 50
years of age or older. There are even 464 properties listed on the National Register that
were built after 1950, with 77 of these places reflecting some aspect of our history since
-' Ibid.
1974.^'' Charleston's historic preservation ordinance states that a building located in the
Old City District is not eligible for review by the Board of Architectural Review unless it
is "at least 100 years old "■^'* While all buildings are subject to review in the Old and
Historic District, in the Old City District they are only protected from demolition, or
relocation if they are at least 75 years old, or are rated a category 1, 2, or 3'' on the
historic inventory maps from 1974 or 1985.^''
These restrictions on what is required to be reviewed have left room for damage
to be done With the exception of a few category 1, 2, or 3 buildings, any building
constructed in the Old City District after 1925 currently has no protection against
aUeration, demolition, or relocation. In addition, those buildings that were constructed in
the last quarter of the 19"' Century or the first quarter of the 20"' Century did not have
protection until they came of age; as a resuU, many late 19"' and early 20"'-century
buildings continued to be lost in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s.
At the very least Charleston should be capable of learning from its past mistakes.
Until 1975 the Board of Architectural Review only reviewed applications for exterior
^^ Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/00 Condon's Department Store (1946) was
demolished in recent years to make room for a new apartment bmlding The Coppcrthwaitc Building at
207 King Street was approved for demolition 3/22/00.
^^ Carol D. Sluill and Beth L Savage. "Trends in Recognizing Places for Significance in the Recent Past."'
Historic Preservation Forum Magazine (Fall 1995): 44.
■'' City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance. Article 2; Part 6. section 54-232. Buildings in the Old Cit>
District are also subject to review by the Board of Architectural Review if they are rated in categories 1. 2.
or 3 on architectural suneys completed in 1974 and 1985. However the majonty of the buildings in the
Old City District were rated as categor>' 4. or were not included in the sur\ey.
'' There are 4 categories total, with category 1 buildings rating the highest as ""exceptional." and category 4
rating the lowest as "contributory." Category land 2 buildings are considered to be the most \aluable and
should be preserved //; situ at all costs.
''' City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Part 6: Article 2. section 54-232. The historic inventory maps are
kept in the City of Charleston's Department of Planning and Urban DcNclopment. Preser\ation Dnisions
oflRce.
10
changes to buildings constmcted prior to 1860.^^ Because of this lack of appreciation of
buildings constructed after the Civil War, countless Gothic Revival, High Victorian,
Second Empire, and Renaissance Revival structures were lost to the city In the 1950s, a
Renaissance Revival building at the corner of King and Calhoun Streets was demolished
to make way for a 'modern' shopping mall: Marion Square shops." Another building
lost during this time was a grand Victorian house on Calhoun Street, constructed in the
late 19''^ Century by well-known contractor, Henry Oliver. This house was demolished to
make room for Stuhr's Funeral Home, constructed in the Colonial Revival style "■' A
third building lost in the 1930s was the Gothic Revival style German Artillery Hall on
Wentworth Street.^"
If the citizens of Charleston had not been so focused in their beliefs that post Civil
War architecture was not worth preserving, many more valuable treasures would still be
extant today. In the 1990s the Board of Architectural Review would think long and hard
before allowing any modifications to the exterior of any buildings in the southwestern
area of the peninsula along Broad Street west of Legare, and Logan, New, Council, and
Savage Streets. Most of these buildings were constructed in the late 19' Century, or
early 20"" Century, after the great fire of 1861 swept through the area.^' All of these
buildings had the potential to be demolished, altered, or relocated at any time— until 1974
when the historic preservation ordinance was amended to provide regulatory control over
"' Debbi Rlwad. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston. 193 1-1993." Presen'ation Progress
(spring. 1993): p. 15.
^* Robert Stockton, local histonan, in conversation with author on 2/14/00.
-'Ibid.
^° Robert N.S. Wliitelavv and Alice F. Levkoff, A History in Photographs: Charleston Come Hell or High
Water (Charleston: Alice F. Levkoff and Patti F. Whitelaw, 1974): 67.
^' Jonathan H, Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 295.
11
structures that were at least one hundred years old, or fell into the appropriate category
assigned to it in the 1974 survey. Even then, the buildings still had to come of age.
When the architectural survey of the city was done in 1974, not a single late Victorian
building was given a rating or even mentioned
The Wilson-Sottile House, an outstanding example of Queen Anne style
architecture, constructed circa 1891, and located on the campus of the College of
Charleston, ^ was not mentioned in the survey of 1974, but it was given a rating as a
category 1 structure in 1985, when another inventory was done " This house has been
cited as being the best example of Queen Anne style architecture in the city of
Charleston. It was constructed by a progressive merchant by the name of Samuel Wilson
before it was sold to the Sottile family in 1912 The influential Sottile family lived in the
house for 52 years. Despite the grandeur of the house, and the history associated with
it, the house went unappreciated even in the 1970s.
Now 20 -century structures suffer the same fate of neglect and demolition
because BAR legislation does not extend its protective coverage beyond the first quarter
of the 20'' Century. How many more 20"'-century structures need to be lost before the
City of Charleston realizes that she is repeating a past mistake of judging too harshly the
architectural and historic merit of buildings designed in more recent decades'!' Charleston
should not be forever frozen in the 18"' and 19^' Centuries, but recognize that growth and
change are a natural and important process in a living city
^- Ibid, p. 512.
^^ Surveys (cards and maps) are kept ni the Deparlinent of Planning and Urban Dcvclopnicnl for the City of
Charleston.
Jonathan H. Poslon, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press. 1997): 512.
12
Chapter 2: Biography
Augustus Edison Constantine, known by his friends as "Gus" or "Mr. Gus," was
born in Skopelos, Greece, on September 1 1, 1898. He was the second of four children,
all of whom are now deceased.' He died in Charleston on November 13, 1976
Constantine immigrated to Savannah, Georgia, with his family at the age of six where is
father ran a fruit stand. ^ Constantine spent time at his father's fruit stand, minding the
store. It is here where he had his first taste of art and architecture He would spend the
afternoons there copying images from the inside of cigar boxes. He actually designed
his first constructed building, a storefront in Savannah, Georgia, at the age of fourteen
Dreaming of becoming an architect, Constantine took correspondence courses in
architecture through the International Correspondence School based in Scranton,
Pennsylvania, from 1913 through 1918." Records from the school indicate that he was an
excellent student; he studied such subjects as Ornamental Brickwork and Terra Cotta,
Common Brickwork, Rendered Elevations, Geometry, Arithmetic, Fireproofing,
Specifications, and Intersections, to name a few.*"
Elliott Constantine, son, in interview with author. 3/27/00.
' Warren Koon, "Drawing Board Philosopher." Weu-s and Courier. August 19. 1966 Building files at the
Charleston County Librar>'.
' Ibid.
^ Elliott Constantine in conversation with author. Februarv' 7. 2000.
' South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975,
* South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Records and textbooks from
International Correspondence School. See Appendix B for a complete list of subjects studied.
13
While continuing to take the correspondence courses, Constantine started working
as a draftsman at the Atlanta Paper and Pulp Corporation in Savannah, Georgia, in 19167
From 1917 to 1918, he worked as a draftsman in the Engineering Department of Central
of Georgia Railway Company in Savannah.^ After Constantine completed the
correspondence courses he moved to Atlanta and worked part time as a draftsman These
jobs financed his education at the Georgia School of Technology.' While at Georgia
Tech, Constantine studied under three professors, all of whom had graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania with a B S. or M.S. in architecture.'" He graduated from
Georgia Tech in 1921 with a two-year certificate in architecture" and went to work in the
Atlanta firm of Hentz, Adler, and Shutze Architects. He worked in this office as a
draftsman until 1935.'^
Constantine had a great deal of respect and admiration for Philip Trammel
Shutze,'^ who was a famed classical architect.'"* According to Constantine's son, Elliott,
it is the years that the elder Constantine spent working in the firm of Hentz, Adler, and
Shutze Architects that perfected his skill and developed his predilection for designing in
the classical mode. It is interesting to note that while Elliott Constantine and several of
' Resume on file with Elliott Constantine in the Office of Constantine and Constantine
' Ibid.
^ftid.
'° Catalogue of courses from Georgia Tech, 1921, p. 39; and Correspondence from Yen M. Tang. Archives
Assistant, Georgia Tech Library and Information Center, December 2, 1999.
" Catalogue of courses from Georgia Tech, 192 1, p. 40. The two-year certificate was called a "Two-Year
Special Course [in architecture]." To qualify for acceptance into this program, applicants were required to
have 1 year's experience in the office of a working architect and 15 [course] units; or 2 years' experience in
a working architect's office and approval of the faculty. In this program only architectural studies were
pursued.
'' Augustus Edison Constantine, Papers, 1913-1975. Resume.
'^ Elliott Constantine, Interview with author 1/20/00.
See: Elizabeth Meredith Dowiing's. /twencon Classicisi: The Architecture of Philip Irammell
Shutze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
14
Gus Constantine's employees say that he had a preference for Classical architecture, most
of the elder Constantine's commissions in Charleston were not executed in that style,
including his own office building. However, typical of the Art Deco style, most of his
designs do have some modified Classical detailing. Constantine told his son on
numerous occasions that he did not like what he termed "match box architecture," and
believed that all designs should include elements of the Orders, or some tbrm of exterior
ornamentation.
In the 1940s, modernist styles such as Art Deco and Moderne were popular in
America. It is quite possible that Constantine was following in the footsteps of his
mentor, Philip Trammel Shutze. Several of Shutze's buildings executed after 1936 show
an attempt at the adaptation of classical tradition to modern aesthetics."" He began first
creating more modern interior spaces, and then employed such features as planar walls
painted cream or white, simplicity of detailing, and geometric massing in his designs in a
desire to accommodate current aesthetic interests.^
Constantine traveled to France, Italy, and Greece to study architecture in 1930.
Most of his time in Europe was spent in Greece as evidenced by his collection of
photographs from the trip.' There is quite an assortment of building photographs.
Constantine took many pictures of buildings on the Acropolis, with a concentration of
details of columns, capitals, and porticoes. Constantine also studied modern buildings in
'^ In conversation with Elliott Constantine, February 2000.
'^ Elizabeth Meredith Dovvling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Traminell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoh, 1989); 151.
" Ibid.
'* Augustus Edison Constantine, resume. On file with Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constantine
Architects. Charleston, SC.
" South Carolina Historical Society, Constantine papers. Photo Album. (Contains over 450 photographs)
15
Athens, such as the University of Athens, whose general facade design can be seen in
many of his designs in Charleston. Out of a collection of over 450 photographs, there are
approximately 45 photos from his travels in Italy and only four from France, the rest are
of Greek architecture. It is also evident that Constantine did some sketching while he
was traveling abroad. Although no scrapbooks have been found, there is one undated
chalk drawing of the sphinx sculpture outside a museum in Caulkis, Greece.
In 1936 Constantine married Irene Botzis (1917-1991) whom he met in Savannah.
They had three children: Elliott, Peter and Anthony.'^ In the same year as their marriage
Constantine established his own practice in Atlanta, which he maintained until 1939
when he and his family relocated to Charleston, S.C. While Constantine was working in
Atlanta he designed one of the largest commissions of his career— a million dollar office
building for the State of Georgia (1939). He also worked for the United States
Government, R. J. Reynolds, and several other clients on smaller projects while in
Atlanta.^^ Constantine was commissioned by Reynolds to complete a large project, as
resident architect, on Reynolds' Sapeloe Island (Georgia) plantation, 1935-1936. He
rehabilitated the 35-room main house and built various out buildings— a power plant,
machine shops, a barn, and a garage. ^^ One can assume that it was these large projects in
Georgia that allowed him to obtain so many commissions when he first moved to
Charleston.
"° Augustus Edison Constantine, photograph album with list of photographs and Chalk Drawing of a
Spliinx, undated. The photograph of the sphin.x is # 161. The perspective in the photograph is the same as
in tlie chalk drawing.
'' Elliott Constantine in interview with author. 1/20/99.
"^ South Carolina Historical Societ>. Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975. Partial ledger
'^ South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Partial ledger
16
Constantine established his practice in Charleston under the name Augustus E.
Constantine, Architect at 149 Calhoun Street."'^ He generally ran his office with 3-6
draftsmen ' He did not take on any panners until his son joined the firm in 1969 to form
Constantine and Constantine .'\rchitects "^ The elder Constantine was well respected by
his employees. He is remembered as being direct in his speech, and meticulous--in
appearance, and in his work. It has been said that Constantine was definitely ''the boss in
the office," One of his friends would tease Constantine regarding his direct nature saying.
"Gus isn't happy unless he has insuhed at least two people before breakfast "-'
Constantine was also described as knowledgeable and a good, patient teacher '* John
Tracy Powers, who worked for Constantine for 22 years said. "Mr. Constantine was the
best teacher I ever had. Not only did he know what he was talking about, he also knew
how to teach. "■^^
Constantine is said to have had many friends, that he was well liked by all
Creighton Frampton. retired Supenntendent of Charleston County Schools, was a close
friend of Gus Constantine.^" Constantine also established friendships with man\ well-
known, wealthy Charlestonians It is unclear if these relationships were estabhshed
because they were his clients, or if they became his clients because they were fiiends.
Augustus Edison Constantine's resume on file witli Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constanune
Architects. Charleston. SC. The firm mo\ed from this office to 139 Calhoun Street in 1946. Constantine
designed tlus building specifically for his office. In a newspaper article written in the local Xews and
Courier at the time Constantine moved it was said to be tJie first such design in Charleston. S C
Demeirios Liollo in inten iew with author 1/13/00
Augustus Edison Constantines resume on file with Ellion Constantine at Constantine and Constantine
Architects. Charleston. SC.
Creighton Frampton in an interview with author. 2/8/00.
John Trac> Powers, employee for 22 years in an inteniew with the author. 1/10/2000; and D. C. LioUio.
emplo\ee for 5 years, in an inteniew with the author 1/13/2000.
^' Telephone interview with author. 1/7/2000.
^° In an lnter\iew with author. 2/8/00
17
One such person was Albert Sottile for whom he did a great deal of work The
Sottile family owned and constructed most, if not all, of the theaters in Charleston They
also owned three active realty companies.^' Beginning in 1941 the Sottile family appears
to have hired Constantine exclusively— starting with alterations to their American
Theatre at 446 King Street He was commissioned frequently to do repairs and
alterations to all of the theaters on the peninsula. ^- Constantine was also commissioned
by the realty companies" to design several apartment buildings, a theater west of the
Ashley River, and to do alterations to their offices.^"*
Constantine has also been touted by many as being an excellent pubHc speaker "
While living in Charleston, he was an active member of the community and often gave
talks on various subjects. In 1944 Constantine spoke at a meeting of the Exchange Club
on the need for planning Charleston's post-war growth. He was quoted in the newspaper
as stating, "It is up to the people to see that new buildings are created in a beautiftil and
enlightened way, so that all who live here will have a bigger and better Charleston. "^'^
Five years later he spoke to his fellow members of the Kiwanis Club of Charleston, citing
14 projects that he deemed absolutely necessary for the well being of the city: new
schools, slum clearance and new hving units, and a new libran/." Constantine also spoke
^^ [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives Sottile family file. se\eral articles
- The American Theatre, Gloria Theatre, Garden Theatre. Arcade Theatre and Shops. Riviera Theatre,
Ashley Theatre, and the Majestic Theatre. Sec ledger.
" Theatres Realty, Wentworth Realty Company, and Rosalind Realt> Company.
See ledger.
John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years in an interview with the author, 1/10/2000. and D. C. Liollio
employee for 5 years, in an inter\'iew \vith the author 1/13/2000.
[Charieston] Post and Courier Archives, File on Augustus Constantine. No author, "Architect Urges
Expert Shaping of Post-War Plans." News and Courier, August 17, 1944. n.p.
[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives, File on Augustus Constantine. No author, "Cooperative and
Progressive Spirit Called Need of City," News and Courier, Februan,' II. 1949, n.p.
18
of problems throughout the city that he beheved would respond to cooperative efforts by
the citizens of Charleston. ^^
Not all talks that Constantine gave in Charleston were related to the built
environment or the future of the city. He also spoke on social issues such as the state of
patriotism in this country ' and delinquency prevention in children "^^ It seems that
Constantine had a reputation for being something of a speaker wherever he went. Friends
and former employees remember him as being able to talk to anyone, being full of
humor, and extroverted.'*' Constantine's yearbook of 1921 from the Georgia school of
Technology describes him as a "bag of conglomerated jabber ""'^
While practicing in Charleston, Constantine designed in several styles: Neo-
classical, Moderne, Art Deco, and the International style. In the early years of his
practice in Charleston, Constantine worked mainly for the Federal Government designing
buildings on the Naval Base in Charleston.'*^ Beginning in 1944, however, Constantine
obtained more private commissions and after WWII designed mostly commercial
buildings and storefronts, especially along King Street in Charleston This led him to be
called the "architect of King Street.""*"* Some of the better-known buildings on King
Street that Constantine designed are the Chase Furniture Company store at 414 King
Street (1946), the American Theatre at 446 King Street (1946), C & S Bank building at
39 "'■'^
[Charleston] Posl and Courier Archives. File on Augustus Constantine, No author. 'Native of Greece
Explains the Current State of Patriotism."" .K'ews and Courier. Febniar> 22. 1964. n.p
[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives. File on Augustus Constantine. No author. "Ways to Prevent
Delinquency are Cited by Mr. Constantine. S'ews and Courier, January 27. 1955. n p.
John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years in an interview with the author. 1/10/200U; and D. C. Liollio.
employee for 5 years, in an interview with the author 1/13/2000; and Robert Stockton, friend, news reporter
and, local historian, in an interview with author, 1/12/2000.
"' Georgia Institute of Technology, Librarv- and Infomiation Center. The Blue Print. 1921. p. 40.
■"^ South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Partial ledger.
"" John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years. Interview with author, 1/10/2000.
19
284 King Street (1948), and the Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/00).
Other building types that Constantine designed throughout his career were apartment
buildings, churches, schools, theaters, residences, and public works "*' In the 1950s, most
of the firm's commissions came from the various school boards in the area Constantine
obtained over 75 commissions for new school buildings and additions to existing ones/^^
Constantine never became a member of the American Institute of Architects. One
might speculate that he never became a member because he did not have a baccalaureate
degree. However, Demetrios Liollio, draftsman in the firm for five years, believes that
Constantine was unable to become a member of the A l.A due to professional jealousy.
He believes that other architects were jealous of Constantine's ability to obtain such a
large number of commissions being a new resident of Charleston and an immigrant "^^
Despite not becoming a member of the A. I. A., Constantine still had a busy career in
architecture. He received well over 900 commissions over the course of his career He
was registered and practiced in South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, and Georgia "*^
Constantine became semi-retired after his son joined the firm and became its principal
architect in 1968, but he continued to practice right up to his death in 1976
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975 Partial ledger
■"^ See ledger.
The office of the South Carolina Chapter of the A.I. A., and the national office were not unable to confinn
any rejections, nor were they able to find out what tlie requirements were for becoming a member prior to
current requirements, beyond a recommendation from another practicing architect.
"* In interview with author 1/13/2000.
"'^ Augustus Edison Constantine's resume on file \\ith Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constantine
Architects, Charleston, SC.
20
Chapter 3: Charleston Architects, 1940-1959
Before Constantine's arrival in Charleston in 1940 it appears that there were few,
if any, Modeme or Art Deco buildings being constructed in the city. Most certainly there
were no other local firms creating such designs. The general preference of citizens and
architects alike was for "traditional [buildings] to suit the locality." This is evidenced
by statements in the newspaper as noted above, and by looking at the work being done by
such firms as Simons and Lapham, Douglas Ellington, and Halsey & Cummings."
The firm of Albert Simons (1890-1980)^ and Samuel Lapham (1892-1972/ was
established in 1920. They practiced until 1942 when both partners returned to the
military to serve in Word War II."'' After the War the firm was reactivated and continued
to grow. They took on another principal in 1955, John M. Mitchell (1922- ), changing
the firm's name to Simons, Lapham and Mitchell.^ According to Mr. Mitchell the firm
had no preference for any particular style of architecture. He wrote that client's wishes
and needs, as well as the location of the project were considered when designing a
building/
' Charleston County Library, South Carolina Room. Architects Biography File. "Simons and Lapham
Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier (January 20,
1946): n.p.
■^ Charleston City Directories, Various Publishers and years.
' "Charleston Architect, Albert Simons Dies," The State (May 25, 1980): 4-H.
" "Charleston Architect, Samuel Lapham, Dies," The Post ami Courier (October 2, 1972). Genealogy File,
South Carolina Historical Society.
^ F. Melendez, "Architects in Profile: Albert Simons, F.A.I. A.," Presen'ation Progress (Vol. 8, No. 2,
March 1963): 4.
* Correspondence from John M. Mitchell, A.l.A. on January 24, 2000. On file with author.
' Ibid.
21
However, the majority of commissions the firm obtained, particularly in the 1940s
and earlier, were to renovate, rehabilitate, or construct residences in the Old and Historic
District, or well-known plantations in the area. Such examples are alterations to 5 1 East
Bay Street ( 1 94 1 ), 54 Hasell Street ( 1 94 1 ), Lowndes Grove Plantation ( 1 94 1 ) and 1 4
Legare Street ( 1 95 1 ).^ They also restored the steeple on St. Michael's Episcopal Church
after the tornado of 1938."^
It seems in the 1 930s and 40s the only place they dared move away from
"traditional" designs were in the interiors. Two such buildings are the College of
Charleston Gymnasium
and the Meminger
Auditorium. The College
of Charleston
Gymnasium, located at
24 George Street, was
constructed in 1938.'"
This building is of the
Georgian Revival style
with its colossal engaged columns, symmetry, and formal arrangement. Randolph Hall,
on the main campus, seems to have influenced the design of the gymnasium. Meminger
Auditorium, located at 22 Beaufain Street was also constructed circa 1938, in the
South Carolina Historical Society. Architectural Drawings by Simons and Lapham.
' "Simons and Lapham Return From War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston] News and Courier (January
20, 1946). Biography/ Architects file. Post and Courier Archives.
'" Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 439.
22
Classical Revival style. ' This building was designed with colossal Doric columns, inset
in a portico. The auditorium is also symmetrical (as it was designed in 1938) and has few
decorative elements. One historian notes that this design owes something to the work of
Robert Mills.'" Despite the evidence that they are truly traditional Charleston buildings,
they are both said to be "more functional" buildings compared to other Simons and
Lapham designs. Still having the outward appearance of traditional Charleston buildings,
but with "freer and more modem" interiors.'^
Simons and Lapham in collaboration with Douglas Ellington designed the Robert
Mills Manor Project — low-income housing of thirty- four units, located on Beaufain
Street. They were constructed between 1939-1940.'^ Even these buildings were
designed with traditional Charleston architecture in mind. According to one author their
materials, detailing and scale, along with standing seam metal gable roofs, make them
reminiscent of Charleston rear dependencies.' The traditional design of the Robert Mills
Manor contrasts greatly with that of Techwood Homes in Atlanta (dedicated in 1936), the
first such project in America."' Techwood Homes were designed to have a more modem
appearance with flat roofs, metal casement windows, and massive rectangular blocks,
details demanded by the governmental advisors.' ''
' Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide lo the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South CaroHna Press, 1997): 490.
'- Ibid.
' Charleston County Library, South Carohna Room. Architects Biography File. "Simons and Lapham
Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier (January 20,
1946): n.p.
Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 345.
'I "'''^-
'^ Elizabeth Meredith Dowling. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammel Schutze (New
York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1989): 177.
'^ Ibid.
23
In the 1950s Simons, Lapham, and Mitchell became more comfortable with
contemporary architecture and designed such buildings as the Newspaper Publishing
Plant and Offices for The News and Courier and The Evening Post (Post and Courier).'^
In an address to the National Planning Conference in 1954, Albert Simons stated:
I believe that properly designed contemporary buildings can be
assimilated in Charleston provided they are sympathetically studied in
relation to their surroundings... we cannot go on indefinitely serving up
warmed over Colonial and expect it to be forever palatable to a constantly
evolving culture.
Aside from the low-income housing units, Douglas Ellington (1886-1960),'^
Architect, was not involved in many projects in Charleston. Most of his commissions
were in Asheville, NC, in the Northeast Corridor, and overseas.'" Mr. Ellington
belonged to many organizations such as the Society tor Preservation of Old Dwellings,
the Carolina Art Association, the South Carolina Historical Society, and the Philadelphia
Water Color and Sketch Club, to name a few. He also taught at Drexel Institute,
Columbia University, and Carnegie Institute of Technology."' Perhaps his most well
known commission in Charleston was the restoration of the Dock Street Theatre/Old
Planters' Hotel in 1935, which is located at 135 Church Street." After this project was
completed, Ellington spent more time in Charleston and was said to be "keenly interested
in the preservation of the city's architectural heritage."'^
Correspondence from John M. Mitchell, A.l.A. on January 24, 2000. On file with author.
"Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," f Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, 1960): n.p. On file at
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
;° Ibid.
"Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, 1960); n.p. On file at
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
" Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston; A Guide to the City's Architecture (Columbia:
University ofSouth Carolina Press, 1997): 180.
' "Death Claims Noted Architect," [Charleston] Evening Post (August 30, 1960): n.p. On file at the
24
Mr. Ellington came to Charleston specifically for this restoration project," which
was sponsored by the City of
Charleston as a Works Progress
Administration project." Again
he collaborated with Albert
Simons of Simons and Lapham
who were responsible for the
creation the new interior of Dock
Street Theatre."''
One does not really need to
know what sort of commissions
Mr. Ellington obtained to
understand what his stylistic
preferences were. In 1958 Douglas Ellington wrote a reactionary letter to the editor of
the [Charleston] News and Courier entitled, "About Architecture."" In this letter he
declares himself to be vehemently opposed to what he termed "Contemporary
architecture." He wrote:
"Contemporary" architecture is not only, as the very term implies,
impermanent, but is essentially un-American as well as un-Anglo-Saxon.
Although it has spotted itself throughout our fine streets and centers, as
'" "Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, I960): n.p. On file at
[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives,
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecture (Columbia:
University ofSouth Carolina Press, 1997): 180.
'^ Ibid.
'' Douglas Ellington, "About Architecture," [Charleston] News and Courier (April 2, 1958): n.p. On file
at the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
25
well as our very alleys, it is still an abortive and cancerous process which
will inevitably receive the condemnation that it merits, and, if we are to
maintain, or restore, or develop any solidity of culture whatever, the
results of this falseness in architecture (by whatever name called)... must
be torn down."**
There is little information to be obtained about projects designed by the firm of
Halsey and Cummings (later to become Cummings and McCrady). Marion Halsey
(1903-1955) and Cornelius T. Cummings (1913-1967)-*^ both served in World War II, so
the firm would have been closed during that time, and Mr. Halsey died unexpectedly in
1955 at the age of 52.''" There are few records left of their work. Mr. Halsey's obituary
lists the Johnson B. Hagood Stadium to be one of the firm's projects, date unknown.
Mr. Halsey's daughter, Lucille Von Kolnitz, states that her father designed many
schools and residences in the early 1 950s. ~ ' She also stated that Mr. Halsey did not have
much free rein while designing the schools, but that he preferred more traditional
architecture [as opposed to contemporary] in the residential designs. Mrs. Von Kolnitz
pointed out that their own residence at 1 09 South Battery Avenue, designed by her father
and completed in 1954, was almost an exact replica of a house in Williamsburg, Virginia.
John McCrady, Jr. (1921- ), engineer, joined the firm in 1957."'" He is unable to
recall specific projects, but states that most of their commissions came from the military
and school boards throughout the state."' When asked about the firm's thoughts on
modem architecture, Mr. McCrady stated, "We didn't like it, but we did it." He describes
'' Ibid.
"C. T. Cummings Dies Unexpectedly," [Charleston] News and Courier {May 12, 1967). Biography File,
The South Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library.
"M. B. Halsey, Architect Dies. Funeral Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (November 16, 1955):
n.p. On file at the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
' Lucille Von Kolnitz in conversation with author 2/16/99.
" John McCrady, Jr., in conversation with author.
' Ibid.
26
the school buildings to be "bland," as they were designed to be of the least expense. '^'^
Halsey and Cummings also did some interior and exterior alterations to existing
structures. In 1949, Gainey's Super Rexall Drug Store at the southwest comer of King
and Calhoun Streets was completely remodeled by the firm." All of the appliances, as
well as the ceiling and floor tiles were replaced on the interior. A rear addition was
added, and major exterior alterations were undertaken. ^^ The 19"^-century cast iron
storefront was replaced by a large plate glass and aluminum storefront. In addition, any
elements that identified the structure as Victorian were removed (such as a bracketed
cornice).' The advertisement announcing the opening of the newly remodeled store
touts it as the "New, modem Gainey's ..." The store was also awarded a certificate from
the Charleston Chamber of Commerce for its contributions toward the beautification of
King Street.^^
By examining these few examples of commissions obtained by other firms in
Charleston during the time that Constantine was designing Art Deco and Modeme
structures, it becomes more obvious that Constantine's designs really do stand out in the
streetscape. While Constantine was designing the same basic types of buildings as
Cummings and McCrady, and Simons and Lapham, such as school and military projects,
he did manage to leave his mark on the city. Not one other architect's designs can be so
readily distinguished in the streetscape as can Constantine's. With a few exceptions, the
"" "Formal Opening Today for New Gainey Drug Store," [Charleston] News cm Courier (September 15,
1949): n.p.
J^ Ibid.
■ Comparing the photos of the store with a photograph from 1 945 that appeared in an article entitled, "The
World Enters a New Era of Peace Today," The Charleston Evening Post (August 15, 1945): n.p.
" "Formal Opening Today for New Gainey Drug Store," [Charleston] News an Courier (September 1 5,
1949): n.p.
27
work of other firms during that time seemed successful in blending in with the rest of the
architecture in Charleston without making a statement, and without reflecting the decades
in which they were designed.
28
Chapter 4: Influences on Constantine's Designs
When considering what influenced Constantine's architectural designs throughout
his career, the most obvious places to look would be his education and early employers.
Constantine does not appear to have taken many classes in architectural history. The
correspondence courses he completed in 1919 covered only technical subjects.' The
closest he would have gotten to a formal study of architectural styles was the architectural
freehand and perspective drawing sections. In these sections the student was given
certain assignments related to architectural drawing and rendering; the models were the
Parthenon and residential housing in late 1 9' -century styles, such as Shingle, Queen
Anne, and Stick styles (none specifically named as such). Other subjects chosen for
assignments were the Orders." Nowhere in this section were particular styles or time
periods emphasized, or stated in any way.
When Constantine attended Georgia Tech (1920-1921), he enrolled in the two-
year certificate program; and during these years Constantine received his formal training
in art and architectural history. The 1920-21 catalogue from Georgia Tech outlines the
requirements to earn the certificate. All of the classes were directly related to
architecture; only five out of 39 classes were devoted to art or architectural history. All
See comprehensive list of courses in Appendix B.
* The International Library of Technoloogy, A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who Desire Information Concerning Them:
Geometrical, Ornamental, Architectural, Freehand, and Perspective Drawing (Scranton: International
Textbook Company, 1922): 5:87-5:92
29
five of these classes concentrated on classical or "important historic styles."^ Given this
information, it is safe to assume that Constantine's formal architectural training
encouraged a preference for designing in the classical mode that his co-workers and
family state he possessed. His student drawings that survive from that time are of
buildings that are classically inspired, or in the Neo-Classical and Georgian styles. There
is an ink drawing of a bank (1920), and a watercolor of a church (1921), both of which
have similar characteristics: full entablatures with low-pitched pediments, one supported
by colossal columns. Both of these designs are symmetrical. The church was designed
with quoins and an elliptical fan light over double doors.'*
After Constantine graduated from the Georgia School of Technology, he began to
work as a draftsman in the firm of Adler and Shutze (formerly Adler, Hentz and Reid) in
Atlanta.' As previously mentioned, Philip Trammel Shutze was a well-known classical
architect whom Constantine, according to his family, greatly admired. Shutze had also
studied at Georgia Tech, as well as Columbia University, earning two Bachelor of
Science degrees in Architecture.^ In 1915 Shutze entered a competition for the Rome
Prize, which was considered the finest architectural award in an era of numerous
significant student prizes. It entitled a student to three years of study and travel in Italy,
" Catalogue of courses at The Georgia Institute of Technology, 1920-21, p. 40-51. These classes are
entitled: "History of Architecture Anceint;" "History of Architecture, Mediaeval;" "History of Architecture,
Modem (Devoted to a consideration of Renaissance and Modem Architecture beginning with the work of
Brunelleschi.);" "Historic Omament;" and "History of Art (paying special attention to ...Italian
Renaissance.)."
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Student drawings, 1920-2 1 .
Augustus Edison Constantine's Resume. On file in the office of Constantine and Constantine, Charleston,
SC.
Elizabeth Meredith DowUng. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 4.
30
through the American Academy in Rome/ (The closest rival to that program was the
Paris Prize at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, valued at $2500.00, or two and a half years of
study.) Shutze won the competition and left for Rome in the fall of 1915.** He stayed in
Europe for a total of five years, as he served in the American Red Cross during World
War I.*^
The American Academy in Rome was established after the Chicago World's Fair
of 1893. Charles FoUen McKim, of McKim, Meade, and White was the mastermind
behind the plan, and principal founder of the Academy.'" McKim realized that there was
a need for an American school in Europe that emphasized the principles of collaboration
between architects, builders, painters, sculptors, and landscape architects, within the
classical manner as he had seen at the Chicago Fair."
McKim had studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris for three years, but he
was not entirely happy there; because of his Quaker background he did not like French
manners, nor did he share French tastes.'" The course of study originally proposed at the
Academy was, "to occupy their [students'] time in close contact with the examples of
Greece and Rome, and the early Renaissance."'" McKim had determined that Rome was
the true center of civilization after he traveled in England and the Continent. He
' Ibid., p. 9.
' Ibid.
' Ibid.
Lucia Valentine, and Alan Valentine, The American Academy in Rome. (Charlottesville,
University of Virginia Press, 1973): I.
" Ibid., p. 2.
'-Ibid., p. 3.
" Ibid., p. 7.
31
described Rome as being a "great reservoir of past culture, a good place to study man's
classical heritage."'
Because Philip Trammel Shutze was so heavily engrossed in the study of
Renaissance and Classical architecture, it is reasonable to assume that this influence
would be transmitted to those who worked with him, especially in the early and
impressionable years of their careers. Augustus Constantine worked as a draftsman
under the tutelage of Adler and Shutze for fourteen years after he graduated from Georgia
Tech. Classical styles, or historical
precedent, were emphasized heavily in
most American architectural programs,
following the Parisian Beaux-Arts
system of education during the first
part of the 20' Century. The same was
true of Georgia Tech while
Constantine was a student there. With
these two great influences being
present it is not a great surprise that
Constantine should have developed a
predilection for Classical architecture.
Certain details and work habits continue to be seen throughout Constantine's
career that reflect the influence of having worked for Adler and Shutze for so long.
Unlike Shutze, Constantine was more accepting of modem styles of architecture. Shutze
Figure 4. 1 J.J. Goodrum House
Balustrade
"Ibid., p. 3.
32
found modernism to be too severe to be introduced into his designs, except for certain
types of interior spaces. " In the J. J. Goodrum house (1929) in Atlanta the balustrade in
the entry hall is decidedly modem (See figure 4. 1 ). '*" A slight modification of this design
is found in several of Constantine's designs. He employed this design for exterior
balustrades for an unexecuted plan for a residence (1940) for him and his family in
Charleston. The same balustrade can be found as part of the designs for interior
alterations for Legerton and Company (1944), and the Citadel Alumni House at 97
Hagood Street among many others.'**
Constantine also developed work habits that may have been a result of his
employment with the Atlanta firm. He kept a large architectural library in his office in
Charleston. This was a concept introduced to Shutze by Hentz and Reid when he began
his employment with the firm.''' At the time of Shutze's death his collection of
architectural literature contained 1,756 items. "° Constantine also kept a large collection
of books in his office. The entirety of his collection is unknown at this time, but
photographs of the interior of his office at 139 Calhoun show three large built-in
bookshelves filled with books, and his co-workers all say that he was well read."'
' Elizabeth Meredith DowUng. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 172.
"•Ibid., p. 156-7.
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Residence at 5''' and Margaret Street
(Charleston, South Carolina).
" Legerton and Company, 263 King Street, interior and exterior alterations, 1944. Also found in the
Bazakas House (1949). On file in the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects, Charleston, South
Carolina.
Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 37.
J^Ibid.
Books are in storage and inaccessible at this time. However, a small selection of Constantine's books
remain in the office of Constantme and Constantine Architects. See Appendix E for a list.
33
Another work habit that Constantine's friends and co-workers often mention was
his attention to detail. John Tracy Powers says that Constantine looked at every detail of
every drawing and demanded that the drawings be perfect. He also says that Constantine
made frequent site visits. If he did not like the workmanship, he would make the builders
tear it down and start over again." In designing interior spaces, particularly residential,
Constantine would frequently design fireplace mantels and surrounds, cornice profiles,
and built-in cabinets and bookshelves. In commercial structures he usually designed a
unique pattern in a terrazzo floor at the entrance of the building and on the ground floor.
Quite often, Constantine would create a landscape design for the premises that would
include a brick or stucco wall with an intricate wrought iron gate of his own design.^^
According to Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, Shutze was also very much a
perfectionist who paid great attention to detail. He would often create a landscape design
with his commissions, as well as many of the interior details."^'* Constantine did not
create the same types of elaborate interiors or landscapes that Shutze did, but at the same
time, he did not have the Shutze's wealthy Atlanta clients. There is no doubt however,
that the practices of Philip Trammel Shutze in his great attention to detail in his designs,
did impact the way Constantine executed his plans.
Intricate and unique designs of wrought iron are incorporated throughout
Constantine's work, in gates, balustrades, and balconies. In 1952, he was even
commissioned by Albert Sottile to create wrought iron railings in four theaters and a
Interview with author, 1/10/2000.
'" Constantine's designs for additions and modifications to his own house at 201 Grove Street demonstrate
this point well; he designed all of the listed elements except for a fireplace mantel and surround. Building
plans are on file with the South Carolina Historical Society.
Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 36.
34
restaurant in the Old and Historic District.'" This keen interest in creating these designs
may have come from the hitemational Correspondence School. One of the courses of
study was Ornamental Metal Work.'*' Elements from the wrought iron railing designed
for the orchestra pit at the Gloria Theatre (1952)"^ derive from examples provided in the
textbook."*
Since there is no evidence of what (or who) inspired Constantine's more modem
designs, it might be difficult to understand why he created them at all. The fact that
Constantine did turn more toward the designs of Modeme and Art Deco architecture in
the 1940s was probably a natural progression of the times. The two styles of Art Deco
and Modeme architecture emerged in the 1920s and 30s. "'* These designs are
representative of a desire to seek out new forms, or modifications of old forms, to express
the continually changing character and accelerated tempo of the new age.^'^ While there
were other architectural styles emerging — Constmctivism, Expressionism, Futurism, and
the Intemational style — it was the Art Deco and Modeme that caught the attention of
most Americans and permeated their lives on every level. ' The influences of the two
styles affected almost every facet of the design world from hair styles and clothing, to
Augustus Edison Constantine, Ironwork, 1952. Historical Society of South Carolina.
Intemational Library of Technology. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions. Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who Desire Information Concerning Them:
Fireproofmg of Buildings: Stair Building: Ornamental Metal Work: Builders' Hardware: Roofing: Sheet-
Metal Work: Mill Design. Scranton: Intemational Textbook Company. 1922.
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Gloria Theatre, 1952.
Intemational Library of Technology. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions. Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who Desire Information Concerning Them:
Fireproofmg of Buildings: Stair Building: Ornamental Metal Work: Builders' Hardware: Roofing: Sheet-
Metal Work: Mill Design (Scranton: Intemational Textbook Company, 1922): p. 48: 70.
David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
4.
'"ibid., p. 1,
" Ibid.
35
American films, to furniture, and finally to architecture/'' Given the immense popularity
of the two styles, it should not be surprising that Constantine would have turned his
attention to these new designs--and began creating them himself
Ibid.
36
Chapter 5: Projects in Charleston, South Carolina (1940-1959)
Throughout his career, Constantine obtained well over nine hundred
commissions. The size of the commissions varied from large federal and state-funded
projects, to smaller private commissions, to the creation of wrought iron railings. It is
these smaller commissions from private clients in the decades of the 1940s and 50s that
provide an over-all sense of Constantine's architectural designs. As previously
mentioned, Constantine completed designs for a wide variety of building types:
residential, including single-family dwellings and apartments, commercial structures,
religious institutions, schools, warehouses, theaters, public works, hospitals, and comfort
stations. Within these building types, he designed new structures as well as additions,
alterations, and rehabilitation of existing structures.
When studying the stylistic traits of Constantine's buildings it is easy to see the
influences of then current trends in architecture. In the 1940s and 50s, most of his
commercial structures were designed in the Art Deco and Modeme modes with
influences from the International style.
Art Deco architecture is characterized by an emphasis in verticality, which is
often manifested by rows of abstract columns or piers meant to subtly represent a
classical portico." The facades of buildings are often arranged in a series of setbacks.
Strips of windows with decorated spandrels sometimes add to the vertical feeling of the
See ledger in Appendix C for a comprehensive list of Constantine's commissions.
' David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
6.
37
composition. Straight edge metal sash or casement windows are most commonly used in
an Art Deco facade, but an occasional circular or round-headed window can be found. "^
Decorative motifs often employed on the Art Deco building are spirals, sunflowers, steps,
zigzags, triangles, double triangles, hexagons, fragmented circles, and seashells.
Decorative ornament is generally rendered in low relief with sharp angular contours.'* The
style also experimented with numerous metal alloys combining steel, bronze, nickel,
silver, platinum, lead, and zinc for use in elevator doors, window frames, spandrels,
decorative panels, and sculpture."
In contrast to Art Deco architecture, Modeme, Streamline Modeme, or Art
Modeme buildings emphasize the horizontal through the use of horizontal layering of
bands of windows. The style is also characterized by soft, or rounded comers, flat roofs,
and smooth wall finishes without surface omamentation.*" Aluminum or stainless steel
are often used for door and window trim.^ The ideal Streamline Modeme building was a
horizontal rectangular container, with dramatic rounded comers surmounted by a parapet
or projecting thin roof slabs. The style was meant to project an image of a scientifically
advanced, effortlessly hygienic world. The style also favored mass-produced, easy-to-
install materials.*
John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945. 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1981 ): 77.
David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
6.
Mbid.,p.7
John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945. 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1981): 79.
' Ibid.
David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
10-11.
38
Constantine often combined the elements of Modeme architecture and the
International Style in his designs — particularly in educational facilities. Many elements
of the two styles overlap: flat roof
tops, smooth uniformly finished walls,
the complete absence of
ornamentation, and roofs without
eaves terminating flush with the plane
of the wall. Along with these three
modem styles, a few of his
commercial designs were executed
with classical detailing. Constantine's
architectural designs vary greatly, and
their sources of inspiration are
unknown, but presumed to be client
driven. Such vast differences in
design can be seen when comparing
the Chase Furniture Company Store (1946) at 414 King Street, St. Philip Street shops
(1945) located at the comer of Wentworth and St. Philip Streets, Constantine's office
building (1945), at 139 Calhoun Street, and Citizens and Southem National Bank [now
the Small Business Resource Center] (1946), at 284 King Street. Chase Fumiture store
stands today as it was originally designed with only a few interior ceiling light fixtures
John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifiing American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945, 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York; W. W. Norton and Company, 1981); 75.
39
having been replaced after water damage in 1989.'*^ The building is a two-storv' Art Deco
design that continues to house the Chase Furniture Company. The facade is sheathed in
white and gray marble with an aluminum and plate glass storefront. The facade has a
vertical emphasis created with the use of vertical strips of glass blocks, a vertical neon
sign, stylized polychromatic decoration created by the gray marble bands, and a stepped
linear fagade. The two large circular mirrored glass windows flanking the strips of glass
block in the second storv' of the design were delineated as regular plate glass in the
original drawings, but in Constantine's rendering they are shown as mirrored glass." As
with many of his commercial structures, a colorftil terrazzo floor in the vestibule
indicates the name of the business by spelling out C-H-A-S-E in red and white tiles. "
In contrast to the verticality of Chase Furniture Company. St. Philip Street Shops,
which were commissioned by Wentworth Realty Company (owned by Albert Sottile), are
horizontal in nature, tvpical of Modeme buildings. The shops were three, one-story,
discrete buildings unified by one s>'mmetrical facade.'" The original design indicates that
Constantine wanted almost the entire facjade to be constructed of "strucmral glass" in
cream, green, and black horizontal layers. Possibly this strucmral glass was acmally
meant to be Vitrolite or Carrara glass. V'itrolite, or Carrara glass is a thin panel of
Mr. Joseph Chase, current owTier, in an interview with author. 2 10 00.
" South Carolina Historical Societ\'. .Augustus Edison Constantine, Chase Furniture Store, .\rchitectural
Drawings. 1946. .\n original rendering by Constantine can be found in the office of Chase Furniture
Company. 414 King Street. Charleston. South Carolina.
';lbid
'" Working drawings, 1945. On file at the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects.
40
colored glass available in black, white, green, blue, red, and other colors, and was a very
popular material used in Modeme buildings. .
The plans of the St. Philip Street Shops show concrete walkways between each
unit that would have been entered through wrought iron gates of Constantine's design,
with cream-colored brick surrounds. Half circular windows on the outer two shops point
-^-T
^-^™.T.,.-.<te5B
1=,': |t^ -'-i -c\ '■- '• ■ \;-^i-" , i .
m
m:zizJ.
tTS-OMT •LLtVATlOM
Figure 5.2 St. Philip Street Shops Facade, 1945
toward the central building that has two large square plate glass windows flanking the
central entrance.
The roof is flat
with a central
parapet of
structural glass
with a white
cement cap.
Constantine also designed low brick walls on either side of the complex penetrated by a
'■* David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
1 1 . The specifications from these plans are missing; so one can only speculate what was meant by cream.
41
semi-circular wrought iron designs. The design also called for a wrought iron gate with
brick piers between the neighboring building on the south and the brick wall.
At some point, the northern most building was demolished, and modifications
were made to the remaining
fa9ade, which has been stuccoed
over. The brick walls and
wrought iron gates are gone as
well. (The materials employed
in the construction of Modem
style buildings do not age well
unless they are continually
refurbished, which might
explain why the facade has since
been stuccoed.)'"
Constantine moved his
office from 149 Calhoun Street to his newly designed Modeme building at 139 Calhoun
Street in 1946.'^ The building was actually commissioned by his Brother-in-Law, John
P. Botzis, who occupied one of the shops on the ground floor. Constantine occupied a
suite of offices on the second that were specifically designed for his practice. An article
in the [Charleston] News and Courier (1946) touts the suite being the only place in
green, or black structural glass.
'I "'''^-
'^ "Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston] News and Courier (September 3 1 .
1 946). Architects File, Post and Courier Archives.
'^ Measured Drawings, 139 Calhoun Street, 1945. Offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects.
42
Charleston having been specifically designed as an architect's office.'^ The suite once
included a reception room, Constantine's private office, a consultation library with a
substantial architectural library, and a drafting room large enough to accommodate
twelve draftsmen. Glass blocks were
installed in an interior partition to allow
more natural light through the only
windows in the front of the building.'''
The primary fa9ade is of white
Georgia marble with a horizontal group
of aluminum-framed casement
windows on the second floor, and an
aluminum and plate glass store front on
the ground floor."" Typical of Modeme
architecture, the roof is flat, with a
parapet, and the fa9ade is devoid of
ornamentation. The entrance to a
staircase leading to the second floor is
on the east side of the facade, which is
slightly recessed, with a vertical strip of
Figure 5.5 Citizens and Southern
National Bank
Untitled Article, [Charleston] News and Courier (April 27, 1950). Architects File. Post and Courier
Archives.
"Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston] News and Courier (September 3 1 ,
1946). Architects File, Post and Courier Archives.
Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room, Buildings file. Untitled Newspaper article,
April 4, 1948.
43
glass blocks, four blocks wide above it. Despite there being three distinct entrances for
three disparate businesses in this building, the fa9ade has an over all unified appearance.
In 1946 Citizens and Southern National Bank of South Carolina commissioned
Constantine to modify the facade, and complete interior renovations of their existing
building at 284 King Street. The work was completed in 1948. Although the use has
since changed, an article in a 1948 addition of the News and Courier, the local
newspaper, adequately described the building as having a fa(;ade remodeled along
Georgian lines, of "old Charleston brick and limestone" with wrought iron balconies at
the second story windows, and grilles on the first story windows.^' Constantine designed
limestone pediments supported
by scrolls over the second story
windows, and a broken
pediment over the main
entrance, with a pineapple in
the middle — Charleston's
symbol for welcome.'" He also
enlarged and modified the interior by adding mahogany cornices, pilasters, and
wainscoting throughout. Constantine designed a pedimented and shouldered door
surround of mahogany on the interior of the main entrance. He also installed a new vault
in the rear of the building, which is now used as a conference room. Interior and exterior
details of this building contrast greatly with those of other commercial buildings designed
Figure 5.6 C & S Bank, Interior Detail
Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room, Buildings file. Untitled Newspaper article,
April 4, 1948.
44
"i
i
by Constantine. More typical of his commercial buildings are the Chase Furniture
Company Store, or the building designed for Marilyn Shoes at the comer of King and
Liberty Streets: with their stripped down. Art Deco or Modeme fa9ades, and plain,
largely uninterrupted interior spaces.
Aside from designing the St. Philip Street Shops for Wentworth Realty,
Constantine obtained
many commissions from
Albert Sottile. The Sottile
family was involved in
several real estate ventures
in Charleston, but they are
most well known for their
involvement with theater
buildings. Albert Sottile
owned most if not all of
the theaters on the
peninsula, as well as the
surrounding area.
Constantine was
commissioned by the Sottile family to design new theaters throughout the city, as well as
modify existing ones. He designed and modified The Little Gem Theatre, now the
Arcade Theatre and Shops (1947 with modifications m 1949, 1950, and 1957). He
Figure 5.7 American Theatre
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, architectural drawings for 284 King
45
completed interior renovations and additions, and created a new facade for the American
Theatre (1946), as well as interior renovations to the Gloria (1947, 1951, 1952), Majestic
(1947), Garden (1947, 1949) and Riviera (1952) Theatres."'' Constantine was also
commissioned, again by companies owned by Albert Sottile, to design five other new
theatres that were never executed."^
The two theatres in the Old and Historic District that Constantine did the most
work on are the American Theatre and the Arcade Theatre."'^ The American Theatre is
another Art Deco design, although it does not have the same emphasis in verticality that
Chase Furniture store does. The theater has a two-toned, stepped facade that is
interrupted by the horizontal marquee and neon sign. It has a plain facade when
compared to Constantine's other Art Deco buildings. The only ornament are two highly
.J.]T_TLfe G€ill TH< «T R€i
f UO NT CkEvATtOM
Figure 5.8 Arcade Theatre, Rendering, 1947
Street, 1946.
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Individual theatre files, various dates.
Augustus Edison Constantine, Jobs File, 1940-1970, kept in the offices of Constantine and Constantine
Architects. Constantine was commissioned to design one theatre on King Street and one on Race Street in
1 94 1 . He created a design for another theatre on King Street named the Elite Theatre ( 1 946), the Cynthia
Theatre on Society Street (1947), and the Corona Theatre, again on Society Street, in 1954.
" The architectural drawings for this building cannot be located.
46
abstract fluted pilasters flanking the central recessed portion of the fac^ade, which is
pierced by eight rectangular decorative elements. The American Theatre was renovated
in 1996 after having been closed since 1977."^
The Little Gem Theatre and Shops (later the Arcade Theatre and Shops) located
on Liberty Street were designed in the Modeme mode. This symmetrical, one-story
complex was designed as a theatre with four shops, U-shaped in plan wrapping around a
landscaped courtyard. Constantine created this design to have a horizontal emphasis,
with the fa9ade of
the theatre to be of
structural glass —
presumably Vitrolite
panels." There is a
cast stone frieze on
the exterior wall of
the auditorium,
which projects above
Figure 5.9 The Arcade Theatre and Shops, current
conditions
the roofline of the main entrance and shops, with alternating triglyphs and circles in low
relief, a hallmark of many of Constantine's designs. The storefront windows in all of the
shops were originally designed of large square plate glass panels, surrounded by a row of
glass blocks. ■^^
"'' John P. McDermott, "Movie Dimensions: New Theater to be a Far Cry From Old 3-D," [Charleston]
Post and Courier (February 24, 1996): 6-B.
South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured
drawings, 1947.
'' Ibid.
47
When the complex was remodeled and enlarged in 1957, the facades of the shops
were redone in yellow terra cotta brick, and the main entrance to the theatre was changed
to large plate glass windows and doors, and black matte glazed tile. The shape of the
parapet over the theater was changed, and an ornamental wrought iron railing was
added."
As with the other theatres, Constantine designed unique metal railings and
balustrades for the balcony. The balustrade is a repeating circular pattern. He also
designed a wrought iron pergola in the courtyard." In 1957, interior alterations were also
completed to include an ornamental ceiling design in the theater. The over-all shape of
the design is a 20'x 41 ' rectangle outlined in wood molding. Inside the rectangle are two
semicircles tlanking a central square, all made out of neon tubing. The design was filled
in by acoustic celotex tiles and Ya" plywood.
Through lack of appreciation, this complex of buildings has been badly neglected.
At some point in the past the current occupants erected a large plywood screen in the
front courtyard, attached directly to the pergola. The courtyard has also been filled in
with cement. The awnings above the shop doors and windows are in a state of disrepair,
and the doors and windows that front on the side walk as well as in the courtyard reveal
only solid curtains with no interior activity.
There are only two churches on the peninsula that were designed by Constantine:
Ebenezer A. M. E. Church (1945) and Morris Street Baptist Church (1967). Although
they were designed more than twenty years apart, they are very similar stylistically and
^' South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured
drawings, 1957.
'« Ibid.
48
unlike any other churches he designed elsewhere in the Charleston area. Ebenezer
A.M.E. Church is located at 44 Nassau Street. It is a simple, small, unassuming red brick
building. The main entrance lies in a central projecting pavilion reminiscent of a Greek
portico with a pediment, flanking pilasters, and two vertical bands of white stucco
pierced by small octagonal windows. A small tower pushes up out of the gable end
above the pavilion ending in a copper-covered domical roof The combination of the
facade elements and the telescoping effect of the tower all lend to adding verticality to
the building even
though it is
lacking a steeple.
All of
the trim around
doors and
windows, as well
as the trim and
louvres in the
tower are painted
white in stark
contrast with the
red brick. Many of Constantine's designs carry this hallmark characteristic of white
stucco or wooden, vertical and horizontal bands and trim, in contrast with dark red brick:
Marion Square Bandstand and Comfort Station (1944, demolished 3/17/2000), Morris
49
Street Baptist Church (1967), Van Smith Building Materials Company (1949), St. Luke's
A. M. E. Church Recreation Building ( 1950), and Courtenay School ( 1953).^" Frequently
these designs are highly abstract Classical details, of friezes and pilasters. Other times
they seem to be elements reflective of architectural trends of the time attempting to
mimick the International Style, as in Courtenay School.
Courtenay School (commissioned in 1953, completed in 1955) is one of only two
schools designed by Constantine that were constructed on the peninsula of Charleston.
Aside from the treatment of the facades with bands of white stucco, the designs for
Courtenay School as well as all other public schools are not typical of his work. They are
not representative examples of Constantine's creations, and will not be discussed in great
detail. Constantine had very little involvement in the actual design of public school
Figure 5.12 Courtenay School
buildings. Jimmy Liollio and John Tracy Powers worked on most of the designs, which
typical of the 1950s, were designed with little ornamentation, and were plain.
' See Appendix D for images.
50
unappealing boxes with windows. In the end, Constantine would add something to the
design around the front entrance to give the plain box some aesthetic appeal. "*■* Courtenay
School and Burke Industrial School (now Burke High School, designed in 1948, with
additions in 1952, 1972, and 1973) were both designed with the assistance of Perkins and
Will, Inc., an architectural firm founded in 1935, which first gained national recognition
for their designs of educational facilities.^"
According to School Planning: The Architectural Record of a Decade, a book that
would have been found in Constantine's office, the primary concerns with school design
during the 1950s seemed to have been cost reduction and how well the building
functioned." School buildings of this time were generally constructed of reinforced
concrete or concrete block, with steel frames to be fireproof and relatively inexpensive.
Demetrios Liollio in interview with author, 1/13/00.
Elliott Constantine in interview with author 3/28/00.
Elliott Constantine, in interview with author 3/28/00.
*■ ibid. This is apparent from all of the case studies in the book.
51
They also had interior plywood partitions for flexible spaces. New approaches in
education and the use of facilities within each school, demanded changes in the way
schools were planned and constructed. ' Throughout the entirety of the book, there is no
mention of how school buildings looked, only how well they served their purposes, and
how well lit and ventilated the individual buildings were. According to Demetrios
Liollio, another great concern was that the building must be able to handle future
expansion." These trends and thoughts about the design of educational facilities may
explain why so many educational facilities designed in the 1950s are not attractive
structures.
In the 1950s public schools placed an emphasis on implementing programs to
teach vocational skills as opposed to instruction in theoretical subjects to their students:
home making for women and trades such as auto mechanics, tool making, die casting,
and sheet metal work for the men.""* Plan types recommended for these industrial or
vocational schools were single-story buildings that housed all activities under one roof, or
the creation of a campus with several separate buildings like Burke Industrial School. '
Another practice of the 1950s was to encourage community at large to use the
school building(s) for such things as W. P. A. sewing, gymnasium and recreational
classes, women's clubs, church organizations, and parents' meetings. The premise
Kenneth Reid, A. 1. A., School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade (New York: F. W. Dodge
Corporation. 1950): 54, 61, 70.
'" Ibid., 9.
^' In interview with author, 1/13/00.
Kenneth Reid. A. I. A., School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade (New York: F. W. Dodge
Corporation, 1950): 5.
"' Ibid., p. 9.
52
behind this was to have all adult lite center around the school making it community
property, therefore better cared for/"^
All of these changes in how the buildings were viewed and used help explain why
school buildings of this time were designed the way they were. They were to be multi-
functional buildings with flexible spaces, well ventilated and lit, and designed within a
low budget. No concern was given to exterior ornament, or interior decoration beyond
paint colors that reflected light well. The schools that Constantine's firm designed seem
to be what he would have referred to as "match-box architecture" that he disliked so
much. All Constantine seemed able to influence in the designs was to create a unique
entrance to each of the schools.
In general, Constantine's residential architecture is quite a bit different from his
commercial designs. His clients seemed to have preferred more traditional houses in the
Colonial Revival style, especially those who lived on the peninsula and north of
Charleston in Summerville, South Carolina. One such design is a residence
Ibid., p. 24.
53
commissioned by Edward Kronsberg (1949). The house is located at 97 Hagood Street
and is now the Citadel Alumni House. It is a slightly asymmetrical two-story brick
building with a hip roof with slate tiles. A breezeway connects the house and garage,
which also has a hip roof and small cupola. The breezeway contains Constantine's
signature contemporary wrought iron railing design, with a modified version of the same
being used on the interior.'^'' One other contemporary feature which does not appear on
the original plans, but is found in a rendering from the same year: a vertical band of glass
block, two blocks wide. The glass blocks are located on one side of the door, and break
through the stringcourse on the second story. There is no evidence in the physical
fabric of the house that these glass blocks were ever added.
There are very few elements of exterior ornamentation: only jack arches above the
windows of the first floor, a decorative pattern in brick around the second story windows,
with a string course below. The main entrance boasts a handsome three panel, double
door with the middle panel being circular, and a wrought iron and stucco design above
the door in the shape and pattern of an elliptical fanlight. "
In addition to designing single-family homes, Constantine also designed
apartment buildings. Washington Realty commissioned him as part of the National
Housing Agency's, Home Use Program to convert an old bagging mill on Meeting Street,
between Ann and John Streets, into apartments referred to as Chicco Apartments (now
■" Augustus Edison Constantine, Kronsberg Residence, measured drawings, 1949. South Carolina
Historical Society.
^^ Ibid.
■*■ Ibid. No interior details are available except for floor plans and the staircase.
54
the Hampton Inn) (1946).'**' The old bagging mill consisted of two masonry buildings
perpendicular to each other, and a single story, six bay building fronting on Meeting
Street. Constantine designed canopies to connect all three structures."*^ The building
facing Meeting Street was three stories, which Constantine converted into five stories.
The building fronting on John Street is now three stories. Eighty-two units were created
total.^'
The buildings are both massive, solid structures with simple low relief
ornamentation carved in the stucco sheathing. The ornamentation is once again abstract
Classical details such as a frieze of alternating triglyphs and circles, and vertical bands of
darker, slightly projecting stucco, alternating with the windows, possibly meant to
represent pilasters or a colonade. The single story structure is gone, but was meant to
Augustus Edison Constantine, Chicco Apartments, measured drawings, 1946. South Carolina Historical
Society.
'' Ibid.
55
house shops. It had six double, nine over nine sash windows, which Constantine restored
and reused in his design. "* The entrances for all of the buildings were the same: double
wooden doors with a rectangular divided light above, and flanking stucco, fluted
pilasters.
In studying Constantine's designs over all, it seems that while he was enamored
with the Classical tradition, he did have a fairly good understanding of Art Deco and
Modeme architecture in which he produced some fine examples in Charleston. However,
when it came to post-war modem styles, he had difficulty. In the 1950s Constantine did
not create any truly modem buildings on the peninsula, and most of his commissions
were for school buildings. Those commissions that were not from school boards were
executed in Art Deco and Modeme styles, or with Classical motifs: County Hall at 1000
King Street (1953), both designs for McAlister's Mortuary (1953 and 1956), and Blessed
Sacrament Church on U.S. Highway 17 (1950).'"
Constantine proved himself willing to produce post-war modemist designs. In
1953, he created a beach house for the Condon Family on Sullivan's Island, South
Carolina, which was somewhat beholden to the work of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The
design was similar to that of the Famsworth house: a volumetric rectangular box.
However, Constantine's design was of concrete block and glass with an overhanging flat
roof, and never really expresses the same feeling that the Famsworth house does. The
'' Ibid.
■"^ Ibid. The floor plans for each story were the same, with two slightly different apartment types
throughout. All of the apartments were designed with one bedroom, a living room, and a kitchen-dinette
combination. No other interior details are available.
^^ See appendix D for images.
56
Condon's Beach House has more mass than volume by far. ^' This lack of post-war
modernist designs on the peninsula is most likely due to the conservative nature of
Charlestonians that has been demonstrated repeatedly throughout the history of the city,
rather than unwillingness on the part of Constantine to create them.
Condon's Beach House, measured drawings, 1953. Constantine and Constantine Architects.
57
Conclusion
Augustus Edison Constantine, while practicing in Charleston, South Carolina, in
the mid-20''^ Century, dared to create some unique designs when compared with those of
his peers. Unfortunately his designs go under-appreciated today, and are one by one
being lost. The decades of the 1940s and 50s are important in the history of this country
and deserve to be reflected in the streetscape in Charleston The fact that Art Deco and
Moderne designs, or any building constructed prior to 1925, are not considered historic in
Charleston is preposterous. Where does one draw the line at what is deemed historic'^
Events that occurred 100 years ago are no more or less a part of history than events that
occurred 50 or even 5 years ago. It would be a shame if 100 years from now, historians
were to remark that Charlestonians of the 2r* Century were short sighted in their
preservation efforts—in the same way historians today shake their heads at the losses of
great monuments that were not appreciated in the late 19 ' and early 20" Centuries.
Constantine' s designs were not widely accepted in conservative Charleston. The
evidence for this appeared in the newspaper articles of the day denouncing modern
architecture and promoting the traditional styles. Had Constantine remained in Atlanta, a
larger, less conservative city, he might have been able to explore more contemporary
designs. The fact that Art Deco and Moderne buildings were executed and survive in
Charleston, makes them all the more precious to this city With Charleston's current
preservation practices, which basically deem any building less than 75 years old to be of
little value, it will not be long before they are all lost. A homogeneous 19 '-century
58
streetscape is a preservation mistake tliat Cliarleston is coming close to realizing. It
seems that the best way to avoid creating a theme park atmosphere in Charleston, is to
recognize the value of good buildings created.
59
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[Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier, August 27, 1973: B-1.
"American, The, New Theater on King Street Opening." Charleston
Evening Post. July 19. 1942. Theaters File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.
"Architectural Styles Preserved," Charleston Evening Post . February
22,1957. Architecture File The South Carolina History Room Charleston
County Library.
"Augustus E. Constantine, Noted Architect, Dies." [Charleston, South
CaxoXxm] News and Courier, November 14, 1976: 15-A.
Baldwin Directory Company, Inc., et. AI. Baldwin and Southern 's Charleston South
Carolina City Directory. Charleston, South Carolina: Baldwin Directory
Company, Inc., and Southern Printing and Publishing Company, 1940, 1942,
1944, and 1948.
"Bandstand to Be Erected Soon in Marion Square." [Charleston,
South Carolina] News and Courier, March 26, 1944. Parks File. The South
Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.
Behre, Robert. "City Asked Not to Pick, Choose Worthy History." [Charleston, South
Carolina] Post and Courier, September 20, 1998: B-1
. "City Asked Not to Pick," [Charleston, South Carolina] Post and Courier,
September 1, 1998: B-1.
Behre, Robert "Design Philosophies at Odds Over Library," [Charleston, South Carolina]
Post and Courier, April 3, 2000: C-1.
"C. T. Cummings Dies Unexpectedly," [Charleston] NeM's and Courier, May 12, 1967.
Biography File, The South Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library.
"A City that Lives as a Monument," New York Times Magazine.
November 1, 1931, n. p. Architecture File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.
60
"Charleston Architect, Albert Simons Dies," The State, May 25, 1980: 4-H
City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Article 2: Part 6. City of Charleston Department
of Planning and Urban Development Charleston, South Carolina
"Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston, South Carolina] News
and Courier, September 31, 1946. Architects File, Post and Conner Archives.
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Augustus Edison Constantine, Jobs File, 1940-
1970.
. Condon's Beach House, measured drawings, 1953. Constantine and Constantine
Architects.
Greene, Harlan. "Recent Manuscript Accessions," South Carohna Historical Magazine.
Vol. 85 (Jan 1984): 81.
Harrill, Ed. "Bandstand May Be Razed: Marion Square's History Varied." Charleston
Evening Post, August 21, 1961. Parks File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.
International Library of Technology. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in
Engineering Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who
Desire Information Concerning Them: Arithmetic, Irigonometry, and Graphs
Logarithms. Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.
. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Building Superintendence, Specifications,
Estimating, Contracts, Permits. Scranton: International Textbook Company,
1922.
. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering Professions, Trades,
and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire Information Concerning
Them: Common Brickwork: Face and Ornamental Brickwork: Architectural
Terra Cotta: Hollow Tile; Building Stone: Lathing, Plastering, and Tiling;
Lighting Fixtures; Architectural Design. Scranton: International Textbook
Company, 1922.
. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Fireproofing of Buildings: Stair Building;
Ornamental Metal Work; Builders' Hardware; Roofing; Sheet-Metal Work; Mill
Design. Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.
61
. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those WJio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Geometrical, Ornamental, Architectural,
Freehand, and Perspective Drawing. Scranton; International Textbook Company,
1922.
. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineenng
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those [Vlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Masonry; Carpentry; Joinejy; Steel Square.
Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.
Koon, Warren. "Drawing Board Philosopher." [Charleston, South Carolina] Post and
Courier, August 19, 1966. Biographies- Constantine File. The South Carolina
History Room. Charleston County Library.
"Letter to the Editor," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier.
December 12, 1933. The Po5/ a/ /^ Cow/e/- Archives. Charleston, South
Carolina.
Lofton, Sally. "Bandstand's Fate: Trumpet of Doom Might Be Muted." Charleston
Evening Post, July 19, 1973, p. IB.
"McAlister's Inc. In its 75^'' Year" [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier,
October 22, 1961. 150 Wentworth Street File The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library.
"McAlister's Moves to New Funeral Home on Wentworth Street." [Charleston, South
CaroWrn.] News and Courier, February n, 1960. 150 Wentworth Street File. The
South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.
McDermott, John P. "Movie Dimensions: New Theater to be a Far Cry From Old 3-D."
[Charleston, South Carolina] Post and Courier, February 24, 1996, p. B6.
Nelsons' Baldwin's Directory Company, Inc. Nelsons ' Baldwin 's Charleston South
Carolina City Directory. Charleston, South Carolina: Nelsons' Baldwin's
Directory Company, Inc, 1950-51, 1955.
Nelsons' Directory Company, Inc. Nelsons ' Charleston South Carolina City Directory.
Charleston, South Carolina: Nelsons' Directory Company, Inc., 1958.
"New Mortuary Cost to Top $150,000." [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier,
September 12, 1958. 150 Wentworth Street File. The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library
62
"New Theater is Operating." Charleston Evening Post, September 20, 1944 Theaters
File. The South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library
Sanchez, Jonathan. "American Theater to Revive Past " [Charleston, South Carolina]
Post and Courier, November 14, 1996. Theaters File. The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library.
"Set for Dedication: Hellenic Center's Formal Opening Ceremony." Newspaper
clipping c. 1941. 30 Race Street File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.
"Simons and Lapham Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South
Carolina] News and Courier (January 20, 1946) Architects Biography File South
Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library
South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine.
Additions to Arcade Theatre and Surrounding Shops, July 1957.
. Augustus Edison Constantine Arcade Theatre and Shops for
Pasttime Amusement, Nos. 1 & 3 Liberty Street, 1950
. Augustus Edison Constantine. Blueprints; Seigling
Music House Alteration, 1946-7; 1973.
. Augustus Edison Constantine, Chicco Apartments, measured drawings, 1946
. Augustus Edison Constantine. Constantine and Constantine Projects,
1934-1979.
. Augustus Edison Constantine, Constantine residence at 5"' and Margaret Street,
unexecuted.
. Augustus Edison Constantine, Kronsberg Residence, measured drawings, 1949
. Augustus Edison Constantine. Liberty Street Shop, rear of 297
King Street, 1945.
. Augustus Edison Constantine. Measured Drawings of Alterations to
Water Works, 14 George Street, n.d.
. Augustus Edison Constantine. Morris Street Baptist Church, n d
. Augustus Edison Constantine, Student drawings, 1920-21.
63
Augustus Edison Constantine. Theatre for Pasttime Amusement
Company, 1 Liberty Street, 1946.
Augustus Edison Constantine Verenes Estate, Aiken, SC, 1935.
Genealogy File. "Charleston Architect, Samuel Lapham, Dies," [Charleston,
South Carolina] Post and Courier, October 2, 1972
McDonald Papers. Letter to Joseph Needle, City Engineer, February 8, 1955.
Stambaugh, Barbara J. "Do You Know Your Charleston? Fate of Bandstand is Still
Uncertain," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier. November 6, 196L
On file in the South Carolina History Room at the Charleston County Library,
Parks File.
Stockton, Robert. "Local Architect Honored for Many Contributions." [Charleston, South
Carolina] News atid Courier, November 1 1, 1973 The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library Biographies- Constantine File
Secondary Sources
Bland, Sydney. Prese}'\'iug Charleston's Past, Shaping its Future. Columbia: University
of South Carolina Press, 1999
Blumenson, John J.-G. Identijying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles
and Terms, 1600-1945. 2"^ Ed., Revised and Enlarged New York W W Norton
& Company, 1981.
"Charleston Earthquake, 1886," The Cohimbia Record Magazine, August 21, 1961.
Earthquake File, The South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.
Chase, Charles Edwin. "Charleston: Guarding Her Customs, Buildings, and Laws,"
Historic Preservation Forum Magazine. Fall 1998
Dowling, Elizabeth Meredith. American Classicist: The Architecture of Phihp Trammel/
Shiitze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
Gebhard, David. The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America. New York:
Preservation Press, 1996.
Hosmer, Charles B. Jr. Preservation Comes of Age: From Wi/hcmisburg to the National
Trust, 1926-1949. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1981.
64
Leland, Jack. "The Holy City Has Burned, Burned, Burned." [Charleston] Evening Post.
Februap/4, 1979: 6-C.
Melendez, F. "Architects in Profile: Albert Simons, F.A.I A.," Preservation Progress,
Vol. 8, No. 2, March 1963: 4
Miller, Gardner B. "Simons leaves BAR 'Action' After 43 Years," [Charleston, South
Carolina] News and Courier. June 16, 1975, p. 1-B.
Poston, Jonathan H. 77?^ Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture.
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997.
Radford, John P. "Social Structure and Urban Form: Charleston, 1860-1880, in Walter J
Fraser and Winifred B. Moore, Eds., From the Old South to the New: Essays on
the Transitional South. Westport, Connecticut, 1981
Reid, Kenneth, School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade. New York: F. W.
Dodge Corporation, 1950.
Rlioad, Debbi. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 193 1-1993,"
Preserx'ation Progess. Spring 1993.
Shull, Carol D. and Beth L. Savage, "Trends in Recognizing Places for Significance in
the Recent Past," Historic Preservation Forum Magazine, Fall 1 995.
Valentine, Lucia and Alan Valentine, The American Academy m Rome. Charlottesville,
University of Virginia Press, 1973
Verner, Elizabeth O'Neill. Prints and Impressions of Charleston. Columbia, South
Carolina, 1939.
Whitelaw, Robert N.S. and Alice F. Levkoff, A Histoty in Photographs: Charleston
Come Hell or High Water. Charleston: Alice F. Levkoff and Patti F Whitelaw
1974.
65
APPENDIX A: MAPS
66
H^^K-
f^;i|:,i;i^^^^^^^
7- ,Mrii*co*ST*t
\ C /^ /) /7 i_ jr
Figure A.l Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1931
67
life
Ite^---
xsfey
/ '•^fo?i%^f^^$!^^
;n^"vr-'^-^--;.'''^''
:'::^ •» -'■;.
,. ,. •••" •; ■-. 'v;^ ,/, A<^'
'S>
^;i.-t
-""T
Figure A. 2 Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1966
69
Figure A. 4 Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1997
70
APPENDIX B: COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF COURSE
WORK
71
Comprehensive List of Course Work
International Correspondence Schoof
Geometrical Drawing
Projection Drawing
Freehand and Ornamental Drawing
Wash Work and Brush Drawing
Elementary Perspective Drawing
Architectural Drawing
Fireproofing of Buildings
Stair Building
Ornamental Metal Work
Builders' Hardware
Roofing
Sheet-Metal Work
Mill Design
Geometry Mensuration
Electric Wiring and Bellwork
Design of Roof Beams
Design of Columns
Design of Roof Trusses
Design of Plate Girders
Common Brickwork
Face and Ornamental Brickwork
Architectural Terra Cotta
Hollow Tile
Building Stone
Lathing, Plastering, and Tiling
Lighting Fixtures
Architectural Design
Building Superintendence
Specification Writing
Specification- Writing Memoranda
Estimating and Calculating Quantities
Contracts
Permits
This list does not reflect the order in which Constantine may have taken tlie courses The groups reflect
how the courses are bound in textbooks. See bibhography for titles w ritten b> the International Libran, of
Tecluiology.
72
International Correspondence School (Continued)
Operations Preliminary to Building
Limes, Cements, and Mortars
Excavating, Shoring, and Piling
Stone Masonry
Concrete Construction
Areas, Vaults, and Retaining Walls
Carpentry
Mechanics of Carpentry
Joinery
The Steel Square
Elements of Arithmetic
Fractions
Decimals
Weights and Measures
Ratio and Proportion
Powers and Roots
Mensuration
Formulas
Cube Root
Trigonometry and Graphs
Use of Trigonometric Table
Commercial Calculations
Logarithms
Georgia School of Technology"
First Term:
Shades and Shadows
Elements of Architecture
Architectural Design
History of Architecture, Ancient
Charcoal Drawing
Building Construction, Masonry
Sanitation of Buildings
Pen and Ink Drawing
Military Instruction
Georgia School of Technology, Blue Fnnts. 1920-1921. p 40-42.
73
Georgia School of Technology (Continued)
Second Term:
Perspective
Architectural Design
History of Architecture, Mediaeval
Charcoal Drawing
Building Construction, Masonry
Cast Drawing
Pen and Ink Drawing
Water Color Drawing
Military Instruction
Third Term:
Architectural Design
History of Architecture, Modern
Cast Drawing
Archaeology
Building Construction, Carpentry
Professional Practice
History of Art
Pen and Pencil Rendering
Water Color Drawing
Graphic Statistics
Military Instruction
Fourth Term:
Architectural Design
Historic Ornament
Building Construction, Carpentry
Professional Practice
History of Art
Antique Drawing I
Antique Drawing II
Pen and Pencil Rendering
Military Instruction
74
APPENDIX C: THE LEDGER
Sources:
Constantine, Augustus Edison. "Job File [1940-1970]," kept in the
offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects, Charleston, South
Carolina.
Constantine and Constantine Architects "Job Record [1952-
present]," kept in the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects,
Charleston, South Carolina
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Building plans on file,
various jobs, various dates.
South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine,
Papers, 1913-1975. Partial Ledger, Author Unknown, either Augustus
Constantine or Elliott Constantine.
South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine.
Building plans on file, various jobs, various dates.
An asterisk [*] denotes that the plans are on file at the South Carolina Historical
Society.
75
JOB#
CLIENT
PROJECT
ADDRESS
COST
1926 1
Atlanta Athletic
Club
Entrance, doorway
Atlanta, GA
1927 1
George Moore
Residence
Atlanta, GA
1934 1
U.S.
Government
Chapel and
Administration Building
Fort Benning, GA
$500,000
1935 1
Verenes Estate
House
Aiken, SC
1936 1
R. J. Reynolds
Rehabilitation and New
Construction
Sapelo Island,
GA
$600,000
Above project inc
construction of a
garage, a lighting
ludes, rehab of a 35 room main house. New
power plant, barn, machine shops, a
and power system
3616
University of
Georgia
Marine Biology
Laboratory additions
Georgia
Various clients
(see next entry)
Apartments and
residences
Georgia
$1,150,000
3622
Mr. And Mrs. J.
H. Therrill
New House
Charleston
3627
R. J. Reynolds
Alterations and Additions
to Long Creek Lodge
Devotion, NC
1937
Various clients
Apartments, schools,
residences, fire stations,
etc.
Georgia
$1,000,000
76
3711
Al Remler
Nightclub
Savannah, GA
^
3716
Reinhart College
Girls' Dormitory Building
Waleska, GA
1938
381
Mr. And Mrs. C.
Evans Joseph
New House
Atlanta, GA
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
residence
Atlanta, GA
1939
3904
FHA Housing
Project
Apartment Building
Alberta Street,
Charleston, SC
State of Georgia
Office Building
Atlanta, GA
$1,000,000
1940 1
240
George
Misoyanis
Additions and Alterations
Corner of Spring
and President
Streets
4025
Mr. And Mrs.
Demos Pappas
Residence
Grove Street
4025
Grecian Society
School Building and
auditorium
30 Race Street
$30,000
4027
Mr. And Mrs.
Frank
Lawandales
Residence
Grove Street
4028
Mr. And Mrs.
Demos Pappas
Residence
Grove Street
4029
Ashley Ice-
cream Company
New Factory Building
Meeting Street
4034
Mr. And Mrs. A.
E. Constantine
New House Wagner
Heights, and Additions to
Grove Street House
Wagner Terrace
and Grove Street
4037
1. H. Hyman
Residence and
Apartment Building
Corner of Broad
Street and
Ashley Avenue
unexecuted
77
1941 1
4100
Mr. L M.
Copleston
Residence
Murray Blvd.
4102
Miss Artimisha
Cobia and Mr.
C. Costopulous
Residence
Mt. Pleasant and
Hester Street
4103
Mr. C. 0.
Thompson
Residence
Vanderhorst
Street
4105
Adolph and Fred
Gamelin
Alterations
236 King Street
4106
Edwards Inc.
Edward's 5, 10 and $1.00
store
Naval Base, SC
$70,000
4109
Wentworth
Realty
Warehouse
?
4111
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
residence
St. Margaret and
5th Street
unexecuted
4112
Mr. Albert Orth
Addition to Building
125 Meeting
Street
4114
Major J. D. E.
Meyer
New Office Building
65-69 Broad
Street
?
Pastime
Amusement
Proposed Theatre
Race Street
unexecuted
?
Pastime
Amusement
"King Street Theatre"
King Street
unexecuted
U.S.
Government
Administration Building
Navy Yard, SC
$50,000
U.S.
Government
Fire Station, Police
Station and Gaurd House
Navy Yard, SC
$50,000
U.S.
Government
Fire Station (Marine
Barracks)
Parns Island, SC
$60,000
78
U.S.
Government
Branch Fire Station
Navy Yard, SC
$30,000
U.S.
Government
Office Building for Labor
Board and P.O.
Navy Yard, SC
$200,000
Peter Botzis
Store and Apartment
Corner of
Cleveland and
Rutledge Avenue
1942 1
Albert Sottile
two theatres
$150,000
4204
Theatres Realty
Company
New Building
?
4265
Haverty's
Furniture
New Store Building
Corner of King
and Wentworth
Streets
U.S.
Government
Post Exchange Service
Barracks (Marine
Barracks)
Parris island, SC
$40,000
Albert Sottile
St. Charles Apartments
upper King
Street
$70,000
Albert Sottile
Apartment Building
U.S.
Government
Nurses' Quarters
Navy Yard, SC
$80,000
U.S.
Government
U.S. Engineering Dept.
Florence, SC
$4,000,000
1943 1
4345
United Service
Organizations,
Inc.
Alterations
Walterboro, SC
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
Residence
201 Grove Street
no#
U.S.
Government
Proposed US Post Office
Building
Corner of
Meeting and
Hutson Streets
unbuilt
79
U.S.
Government
War Trailer Project
Moncks Corner,
SC
$35,000
U.S.
Government
War Housing Project
Beaufort, SC
$135,000
U.S.
Government
War Housing Project
Moncks Corner,
SC
$85,000
U.S.
Government
War Housing Project
Charleston
$18,000
Kerrison's
Department
Store
Alterations
260 King Street
$20,000
Albert Sottile
Repairs to various
theaters
$25,000
1944 1
4401
Chas. Ship
Building and Dry
Dock Company
Cafeteria
Charleston
$16,000
4402
United Service
Organizations,
Inc.
Travelers Aid-Troops in
Transit Lounge
North Charleston
$20,000
4403
United Service
Organizations,
Inc.
Conversion to Dormitory
George Street
4404
Meyer's Dress
Shop
Alterations
315 King Street
4405
Zion
Presbyterian
Church
Comfort Station
123-125 Calhoun
Street
4405
City of
Charleston
Marion Square Band
Stand & Comfort Station
Marion Square
$15,000
4406
City of
Charleston
New Canteen and
Information Center
Marion Square
unexecuted
?
4407
Mr. And Mrs.
William
Lempesis
Repairs to Basement
849 Rutledge
Avenue
4408
Mr. Speros
Stella
Alterations
137 Calhoun
Street
80
4410
Lutheran
Service Center
New Service Center
Vanderhorst
Street
4411
Gas Engine &
Electric
Company
Alterations
280 Meeting
Street
4412
Frank Taylor
Alterations
King Street
4413
Port City Bank
Additions
?
unexecuted
4415
Mr. W, P.
Poulnot
Alterations, to Residence
108 Tradd Street
4416
Washington
Realty
Chicco Apartments
37 John Street
$250,000
4417
St. Andrews
Parish
Fire Station
St. Andrews
4418
Kerrison's
Department
Store
Photo Studio, 3rd Floor
260 King Street
4419
Legerton & Co.
Alterations
263 King Street
4420
My Shop of
N. Y.
Department Store
248 King Street
$45,000
4421
General Marine
Supply Co.
Building
Alterations
198 East Bay
Street
4422
F. J. Martschink
Company
Additions
14 Cumberland
Street
4423
Mary Hawkins
Alterations
65-C Hasell
Street
4425
Southern
Jewelers
Company
New Building
346 King Street
1945 1
4501
Conklin's Style
Shop
Remodeling of Store
unknown
81
4502
Eastern Airlines
Ticket Office Addition to
the Francis Marion Hotel
King Street
4504
Ebenezer A. M.
E. Church
New Church Building
44 Nassau Street
4505
Mrs. Eva
Cygielman
Conversion of
Apartments
Ashley Avenue
and Bull Street
4508
Charleston
County
New Health Center
Courtenay Street
4509
Mr. Mitchell
Robinson
Conversion to
Apartments
53 S. Battery
Avenue
4512
Greer Drug
Company
Alterations and Additions
?
4513
Mr. And Mrs.
Max Krawcheck
Additions to Residence
164SanSouci
Street
4514
Little Town
Remodeling of Building
228 King Street
4515
Mr. St. Clair
Orvin
New Shop Building
Moncks Corner,
SC
4516
Grey Line Tours,
Inc.
New Office and Garage
Building
99 St. Philip
Street
4517
James Island
School District
Riverland Terrace School
Additions
James Island
unexecuted
4518
Schwerin
Brothers
New Building
North Charleston
4519
Southern
Wholesale
Company
Warehouse
213 Meeting
Street
unexecuted
4520
United Service
Organizations,
Inc.
Negro U. S. 0. Building
President Street
4521
Sam's
Haberdashery
Store Front
347 King Street
unexecuted
4522
S & J Simowitz
Marilyn's Shoe Store
299 King Street
$35,000
82
4523
Dr. E. G. Gainey
3rd Floor Conversion to
Apartments
149 Calhoun
Street
4524
Gulf Fruit
Company
New Warehouse
Whitevilie, NC
4525
Wentworth
Realty Co.
Shop Buildings
1 & 3 Liberty
Street
4527
Mr. And Mrs. P.
A. Yatrelis
Residence
Summerville, SC
4528
Harry Miller
Fashions
Alterations
86-C Wentworth
Street
4529
Mangel's
Department Store
289 King Street
$75,000
4530
Wentworth
Realty Co.
St. Philip Street Shops
Corner of
Wentworth and
St. Philip Streets
4531
Mr. J. L.
Peeckson
Residence
Hester and
Pendleton Street
4533
Mr. And Mrs. G.
S. Carter
Residence
?
unexecuted
4534
C. B. Prentiss
and Company
Proposed New Building
250 King Street
4535
Theatres Realty
Store Building
Market Street
4536
Mr. And Mrs. C.
E. Gibson
Additions to Residence
Meggetts, SC
4538
Estate of Gussie
Livingstain
New Shop Building
?
4539
A. G. Rhodes
Furniture
Company
Alterations
359 King Street
unexecuted
4541
Mr. J. G. Sherrer
Shop Building
573 Meeting
Street
unexecuted
83
4542
Mr. L. M.
Copleston
Doctor's Office Building
?
4544
Mr. And Mrs.
Mike Xidas
Alterations to Residence
809 Rutledge
Avenue
unexecuted
4543
Mr. Tom
Schiadaressi
Alterations
90 Society Street
4545
Daughters of
Israel Hall
Alterations
54 St. Philip
Street
4547
Moskos Brothers
New Building
Columbus Street
4548
Quattlebaum
Electric
Company
Alterations
302 King Street
unexecuted
John P. Botzis
Building
139 Calhoun
Street
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
Alterations to Residence
201 Grove Street
Wentworth
Realty Co.
Alterations to building
Rear of 297 King
Street
A.M.E. Church
Additions
Charleston
$40,000
Albert Sottile
Various types of buildings
This may include
buildings from
above
$50,000
Various Clients
Various types of buildings
This may include
buildings from
above
$50,000
1946 1
4601
Mr. J. Russel
Williams
Multiple Houses
Moncks Corner,
SC & Pinopolis,
SC
unexecuted
4602
Mrs. Shirley
Prodosky
Alterations to Building
?
84
4604
Mr. Emmett
Johnson
Conversion to
Apartments
Queen Street
4606
Mr. Louis
Tanenbaum
New Residence
?
4610
Mr. W. P.
Poulnot
Kerrison's, Repairs and
Additions
260 King Street
$25,000
4612
Mr. Kronsberg
Edward's Store Building
Navy Yard, SC
4613
Elite Theatre
New Theatre Building
635-637 King
Street
unexecuted
4614
Chase Furniture
Company
Store building
414 King Street
$50,000
4615
Bullwinkei's
Bakery
Repairs and Additions
?
4616
Mr. And Mrs. J.
J. Fabian
Additions to Residence
69 Sans Souci
Street
4617
Mr.. And Mrs. J.
J. Fabian
New Beach House
?
4621
Mr. E. A. Morris
M & M Bowling Alley,
Existing Building
?
4622
Goulston
Corporation
Alterations to Building
King and George
Streets
unexecuted
4624
Mrs. G. M.
Forbes
Layout of Office
?
4625
Haverty
Furniture
Store building, repairs
and remodeling
294 King Street
$45,000
4626
Dr. Stanley
Karesh
Layout of Dental Suite
139 Calhoun
Street
4627
National Cash
Register
Company
Existing Building
152 King Street
85
4628
St. John's
Lutheran Church
New Parish House
Charleston,
possibly
Archdale Street
4629
Mr. Frank
Lawandale
Remodeling and
Additions
456 Meeting
Street
4630
Walter's
Haberdashery
Remodeling
King Street
unexecuted
4631
Mr. Frank Taylor
Remodeling
301 King Street
$10,000
4631
Mr. Frank Taylor
Parking Lot
George Street
4633
Cowperthwaite,
Inc.
furniture store
209-213 King
Street
$60,000
4634
Mr. & Mrs. T. E.
Rabon
New Beauty Salon, 3rd
Floor
260 King Street
4635
Max's Men's
Store
Alterations
321 King Street
4636
Dr. and Mrs. L.
E. Jenkins
Residence
111 1/2
Wentworth
Street
4637
St. Paul's
Lutheran Church
Additions
Mt. Pleasant, SC
4638
Mr. E. H.
Poulnot, Jr.
Additions to Residence
71 Linwood
Street
unexecuted
4639
Mrs. Mary
Pierson
New Residence
Beaufort, SC
4640
Charleston
Mattress
Company
New Warehouse
Spring Street
Ext.
4641
Albert Sottile
Proposed Home
Mt. Pleasant, SC
4642
Mr. and Mrs.
Daniel L.
Roberts
Residence
Avondale
Subdivision
86
4643
Dr. W. C.
McDoneld & Mr.
E. V. Presson
New Hotel
Isle of Palms, SC
4644
Mr. Paul Gowder
New Service Station
North Charleston
unexecuted
4646
Mr. and Mrs.
John
Tecklenberq
Alterations to Residence
Windemere
Subdivision
4647
Mr. and Mrs. J.
S. Cox
Residence
St. George, SC
4648
Albert Sottile
St. Charles Apartments,
Alterations
upper King
Street
unexecuted
4649
Citizens and
Southern
National Bank
Bank building,
remodeling
284 King Street
4650
Music Hall
New Music Hall
?
unexecuted
4651
Mr. James
Pappas
Restaurant-Bus Station
Yemassee, SC
unexecuted
4652
Mr. and Mrs. J.
S. Cox
Residence
St. George, SC
4653
James F.
Condon & Sons
Condon's Department
Store, Alterations and
Remodeling
431 King Street
$450,000
4654
Pastime
Amusement
American Theatre,
Alterations
446 King Street
4656
W. K. Britzis
Tourist Camp
Mt. Pleasant, SC
4657
J. C. Long
Apartment Building
King and Warren
Streets
4658
Mr. Salvadore
Sottile
Residence
Mt. Pleasant, SC
4659
J. F. C. Realty
Company
Alterations and Repairs
425-429 King
Street
87
4660
Mr. Hyman
Karesh
Layout of Store Windows
?
4661
Mr. J. G. Sherrer
Office Layout
573 Meeting
Street
4663
Seigling Music
House
Remodeling
243 King Street
unexecuted
4664
Mrs. C. M.
Jackis
Conversion to Shop
137 Calhoun
Street
4665
Pinckney Carter
Company
Remodeling
26 Broad Street
H. W. Houghton
Houghton's Appliance
Store
$18,000
1947 1
4701
Mr. And Mrs. A.
E. Constantine
Landscaping
201 Grove Street
4702
Condon
Thomas Condon and
Boatmates' Memorial
Building
?
4703
Tru-Ade Bottling
Company
New Building
Cumberland
Street
4704
Eugene Skinner
Residence
Gordon Street
4705
Pastime
Amusement Co.
Arcade Theatre and
Shops
1 Liberty Street
4706
James F.
Condon & Sons
New Building (Condon's
Department Store)
425-427 King
Street
4707
Charleston
Industrial
Association
Quonset Hut, Industrial
Park
?
4708
Francis Marion
Hotel
Remodeling of Coffee
Shop Kitchen
King Street
4709
Mr. 1. Hyman
Multiple Buildings Project
Corner of Ashley
Avenue and
Chisolm Streets
unexecuted
88
4710
Pastime
Amusement
Gloria Theatre, Additions
to boiler room
345 King Street
unexecuted
4711
Pastime
Amusement
New Warehouse
Beaufain Street
4712
Albert Sottile
proposed Skating Rink
unknown
address
not
executed
4712
Pastime
Amusement
Majestic Theatre, interior
alterations
343 King Street
4713
Pastime
Amusement
Garden Theatre, seating
plan
371 King Street
4714
Charleston
Industrial
Association
New Building, Stark
Industrial Park
?
4715
St. James
Methodist
Church
Alterations
Spring and
Coming Streets
4716
Mr. And Mrs.
William
Anaqnos
Remodeling Home
547 Rutledge
Avenue
4717
Theaters Realty
Warehouse (Gloria
Theatre)
rear of 345 King
Street
$16,000
4718
Theaters Realty
Warehouse (Garden
Theatre)
rear of 367-369
King Street
unexecuted
4719
Miss Maude
Williams
Remodeling of House
Pinopolis, SC
unexecuted
4720
Doughnut Shop
Alterations and Repairs
431 King Street
4721
Dr. Petro Botzis
New Shop Group
Tarpon Springs,
FL
unexecuted
4722
G. W. Kesslers
Alterations
341 King Street
4723
Theatres Realty
Alterations and Additions
1050-1054 King
Street
unexecuted
89
4724
Mr. D. i. Thomas
New Theatre Building
?
unexecuted
4725
Dr. and Mrs. W.
H. Boylston
Residence
Edgewater Park?
4726
Pastime
Amusement Co.
New Office for Garden
Theatre
367-369 King
Street
4727
Charleston
Industrial
Association
Manufacturing Plant
Charleston
$100,000
4728
Mr. P. P.
Leventis
Proposed Arcade
Building
Calhoun Street
unexecuted
4729
Charleston
County
Cooper River Memorial
Library
Dual Lane
4730
Ed Fleishman
and Brothers
Remodeling of Shop
Fayetteville, NC
4733
Fort Sumter
Chevrolet Co.
Inc.
New Used Car Lot
620 King Street
4734
Mr. Santo
Conventino
Dry Cleaning Unit
367 King Street
4735
Mr. And Mrs. W.
H. Solomon
Residence
?
4736
Pastime
Amusement?
Cynthia Theatre
84-84 1/2
Wentworth
Street
unexecuted
4737
Mr. Morris Sokol
Warehouse
91-93 Reid
Street
unexecuted
4738
Mescons
Remodeling
372 King Street
unexecuted
4739
Mr, Andrew
Trapalis
New Building
Corner of Lucas
and Mill Streets
4740
Dr. James E.
Scott Jr.
New Office Building
McClellanville,
SC
90
4741
The Knights of
Columbus
Repairs to Roof
143 Calhoun
Street
unexecuted
4742
Mr. Morris Sokol
New Store Building
535-537 King
Street
unexecuted
Charleston
County
Health Center
unexecuted
Theaters Realty
5 shops
?
$66,430
Pastime
Amusement Co.
Extension to American
Theater
446 King Street
$18,182
1948 1
4801
Theatres Realty
Company
Alterations to Liberty
Street Shops
1 Liberty Street
4802
Grecian Society
of Charleston
Church Building
28 Race Street
unexecuted
4803
J. R. Siau
Residence
Georgetown, SC
$30,000
4804
?
Proposed Apartment
Building
North Corner of
Grove and 9th
Street
4805
Berkley County
Office Building
Berkley County
4806
Mr. Morris Sokol
Housing Project
?
unexecuted
4807
Pastime
Amusement
Alterations to Arcade
Theatre
1 Liberty Street
4808
McClellanville
Schools
Alterations and Additions
McClellanville,
SC
4809
Board of
Trustees
Charleston
Burke Industrial School
207 President
Street
$246,388
4810
Chamber of
Commerce
(existing conditions)
Addition, alterations
50 Broad Street
?unexecute
d
91
4811
Mr. And Mrs.
Leon Patat
Residence
Palmetto Road
unexecuted
4812
Globe Shoe
Stores
Alterations
279 King Street
unexecuted
4813
Worthmore Co.
Inc.
Alterations
Corner of King
and George
Streets
4814
J. C. Long
Residence
Mt. Pleasant,
Seaside
$250,000
4815
Mrs. Ira
Prystowski
Residence
Riverland
Terrace
4816
Mr. W. G. Doran
New Garage
187 Grove Street
4817
Copleston's
Klendry
Remodeling Building
573 Meeting
Street
4818
Charleston
Municiple
Waterworks
alterations
14 George Street
4819
Meggett Public
Schools
Meggett White Grammar
School, Additions
Meggett, SC
4820
Dr. J. A. C.
Jackson
New Office Building
86 Morris Street
unexecuted
4822
Miss Bertha
Levy
Shop Building
?
unexecuted
4823
Martzchink
Realty Company
Proposed Apartment
Building
Simons Street
4824
Fort Sumter
Chevrolet Co.
Inc.
Alterations
182 Meeting
Street
4825
Citizens and
Southern
National Bank
Remodeling
Broad Street
4825
Grecian Society
New Community Center
28 Race Street
92
4826
Dr. Herman
Needle
Office Building
16 Liberty Street
1949 1
4901
Riviera Theatre
Interior Alterations
King Street
unexecuted
4902
Mr. James F.
Condon
Alterations to Condon's
Dept. Store: Freight
Elevator
431 King Street
$15,000
4903
Mr. And Mrs.
Navarro
New Home
?
4903
Wentworth
Realty Co.
Alterations
SE Corner of
King and Society
Streets
4904
Wentvi/orth
Realty Co.
Alterations to Office
Building
S.E. Corner of
King and Society
Street
4905
Coney-Davies
Lumber Co.
Alterations
150 East Bay
Street
4906
Sidney Widelitz
Residence
St. George, SC
$35,000
4907
Mr. And Mrs. D.
K. Gionis
Residence
St. Margaret
Street
unexecuted
4908
Pastime
Amusement
New Ashley Theatre
Building
U.S. Hwy 17
$75,000
4909
Coastal Butane
Gas Corporation
Facade for Office
Building
Summerville, SC
4911
Mr. And Mrs.
Jermain H.
Slocum
Alterations and Additions
22 Lambol Street
4912
Mr. And Mrs.
Edward Hill
Alterations to Residence
St George, SC
4913
Madren Paint
Company
New Store Front
?
4914
George Bazakas
Residence
Summerville, SC
$40,000
93
4915
Miserendino
Motor Co.
Auto Garage & Display
Charleston
$35,000
4916
Copleston's
Klendry
Additions
537 Meeting
Street
$25,000
4917
?
Proposed Houses
Tarpon Spnngs,
PL
4918
Mr. & Mrs. W. F.
Condon Sr.
Residence
Gordon Street
4919
North
Charleston
Lands
Additions
North Charleston
4920
Paul Motor
Company
Alterations to Fa?ade
149 Meeting
Street
4921
Pastime
Amusement
Garden Theatre
Additions
371 King Street
$15,000
4922
Citizens and
Southern
National Bank
Parking Lot
544 King Street
$10,000
4924
Mr. And Mrs.
Hugh Lane
Additions to Residence
21 Council Street
4925
William B. Reily
Co., Inc
New Warehouse
?
4926
Adolph
Rodenburg
Supermarket
Corner of
Rutledge &
Strawberry Lane
$125,000
4927
Citizens and
Southern
National Bank
Existing Conditions?
544 King Street
4928
Van Smith
Building
Materials Co.
alterations
276 East Bay
Street
$15,000
4929
Mr. And Mrs.
Earl Senter
New Motel
U.S. Hwy 17
4930
Mr. William
Pearlman
Duplex Apartments
S. W. Corner of
Grove and 10th
Streets
94
4931
Dr. Peter Gazes
Office Building
696 Rutledge
Avenue
4932
Adolph
Rodenburg
Supermarket
U.S. Hwy 17
4933
St. James
Methodist
Church
School building &
auditorium
James Island,
SC
$80,000
4934
Jack White
Residence
James Island,
SC
$35,000
4935
Pastime
Amusement
Alterations
93 Society Street
4936
Palace Realty
Company
New Store Building
560 King Street
$30,000
4938
Edward
Kronsberg
Residence, Now the
Citadel Alumni House
91 Hagood
Avenue
$60,000
4939
Economy Oil
Building
5 Exchange
Street
4940
Levy's Drug
Store
?
Charleston
Wentworth
Realty Co.
alterations
Wentworth and
King
$15,000
Wm. B. Riley
Co.
Coffee Roasting Plant
Charleston
$125,000
Altman Cadillac
Co.
Auto Garage & Display
Charleston
$70,000
1950 1
5001
St. Luke's A. M.
E. Church
Proposed Recreation
Building
St. Philip Street
$60,000
5002
McClellanville
Methodist
Church
Alteration to Sunday
School
McClellanville,
SC
$10,000
5003
Palace Theatre
New Fan House
?
95
5003
Matthew
Condon
Entrance Gateway to
Tanglewood Estate
?
5005
Sacred Heart
Church
Addition to school
building and New
Auditorium
888 King Street
$50,000
5006
Seaboard Gas
Company & The
Charleston Oil
Company
New Building
King Street
Extension
5007
Maxwell
Brothers and
Hall
Alterations
360 King Street
5008
China Hall
Alterations
306 King Street
5009
Thomas W.
Connally
Alterations and Additions
to Home
Atlanta, GA
5011
Rodenburg's
Supermarket
New Parking Lot Layout
Cannon and
President Street
5012
Charleston
Sheet Metal and
Roofing Works
Alterations and Additions
Hayne Street
5013
H. A. Molony
New Home
Peachtree and
Peidmont Streets
$30,000
5014
Carroll Rivers
Stores and Offices
Byrnes Downs
Subdivision
5015
Gus Martschink
Ice Cream Parlor
Rutledge Avenue
and Strawberry
$10,000
5017
John's Island
School District
New "colored" school
building
John's Island, SC
$60,000
5019
Leon's Men's
Wear
Shop Building
495-497 King
Street
5020
Jack Eades
New Home
Savannah Hwy
5021
Purity Ice Cream
Company
New Building
U. S. Hwy 78
96
5022
George Stout
Alterations to Rear
Dwelling
68-A Ashley
Avenue
5023
La Brasca
Alterations and Additions
975 King Street
5024
Demitrio Vega
Multi-Unit Building
73 Alexander
Street
5025
Pastime
Amusement
Alterations to Arcade
Theatre
1 & 3 Liberty
Street
$10,000
5026
Hardeeville
School District
"Consolidated Colored
School" New Building
Hardeeville, SC
$150,000
5027
Charleston
Home
Conversion to
Community Center
?
5028
Wentworth
Realty Co.
alterations
rear of 297 King
Street
5029
Sullivan's Island
School District
New Auditorium and
Cafeteria
Sullivan's Island,
SC
$25,000
5030
Charleston
Country Club
Interior Alterations
?
5031
J. F. C. Realty
Co.
Alterations to Condon's
North
431 King Street
$25,000
5033
William M. Bird
Company
"Acres of Diamonds
Exhibit"
5034
McKethan Olds.
Co.
Auto Garage & Display
652 King Street
$50,000
5035
Mr. Frank
Lawandale
New Building
456 Meeting
Street
5036
Edward's
Additions
Navy Yard, SC
$30,000
5038
Mall Playground
Field House
New Building
?
97
5039
Mr. Kronsberg
Alterations to Home
91 Hagood
Street
5040
Blessed
Sacrament
Parish
New Building
U. S. Hwy 17
5041
George C.
Creighton, Jr.
Alterations and Additions
104 Rutledge
Avenue
5042
Emmanuel
A.M.E. Church
Alterations
Calhoun Street
5043
Ravenel School
District
Additions to Graded
School Building
Ravenel, SC
$25,000
5044
Appel Furniture
Additions and Alterations
565 King Street
5045
J. C. Long
New Office Building
A. W. Allison
Residence
$25,000
Dr. Peter Botzis
Drug Store Building
Naval Base, SC
$20,000
1951 1
5101
Pastime
Amusement
Gloria Theatre,
Alterations to George St.
Entrance
371 King Street
5102
Mr. & Mrs. Harry
Levinson
Alterations to Elsa
Shoppe
331 King Street
5103
Conressman
and Mrs. L.
Mendel Rivers
Home
Charleston
$85,000
5104
J.C. Long
Office Building
Savannah, GA
$500,000
5105
S. Welch
New Residence
?
5106
Mr. Aaron
Solomon
New Residence
Huger and
Parkwood
Streets
98
5107
McAlister Realty
Co.
Store building
343 King Street
$35,000
5108
7
Proposed New Medical
Building
?
5109
St. John's
School District
#9
New "Colored" High
School
John's Island
$200,000
5110
James Island
School District
#3
New Building for the
Society Corner School
James Island,
SC
$180,000
5111
Carabatsos &
Trapelis Building
Alterations
N. E. Corner of
Rutledge Avenue
& Bull Street
5112
Central Drug
Store
Alterations
286 Meeting
Street
5113
Max Krawcheck
Apt & shop building
58 George Street
$30,000
5114
St. Angela
Academy
New School Building
Aiken, SC
$200,000
5115
Dorothy Ayers
shop & apartments
75 Hasell Street
$25,000
5116
Daisy Bogin
Dress Shop
Myrtle Beach
$30,000
5117
Emanuel A. M.
E. Church
Crypt for the Remains of
Rev. L. Ruffin Nichols
Calhoun Street
5118
Rosilind Realty
Company
Shopping Center, New
Ashley Theatre
U. S. Hwy 17
R.L Kerr
shop building
$12,500
1952 1
5201
Palace Realty
Company
New Store Building
561 King Street
5202
Belk-Robinson
Company
New Store Front
232 King Street
$15,000
99
5203
Kerrison's
alterations
260 King Street
$16,000
5204
Condon's
Alterations-north building
431 King Street
$15,000
5205
The Home
Federal Savings
and Loan
New Fa9ade
39 Broad Street
5206
James Island
School Board
W. Gresham Meggett
School additions
James Island,
SC
$157,999
5207
Albert Sottile
New Building
Society Street
5208
Citizens and
Southern
National Bank
Rehabilitation of Building
10 Elliott Street
5209
Albert Sottile
Remodeling
208 King Street
5210
Wentworth
Realty Co.
New Shop Building
84-84 1/2
Wentworth
Street
5211
Bishop J.J.
Russell
New School Building and
Convent, Blessed
Sacrament Parish
$175,000
5212
St. John's
School District
#9
Additions, Haut Gap
School
John's Island
5213
Mr. Ketas
Remodeling Store Front,
King's Restaurant
337 King Street
5214
Bluffton School
District #2
Gymnasium
Bluffton, SC
5215
Orphan's
Vocational
School
Workshop
?
5216
James Island
School District
#3
Proposed New "White"
High School Building
James Island,
SC
5217
Mr. And Mrs.
Edward P.
Huguenin, Jr.
New Home
Ridgeland, SC
100
5218
Condon's
alterations
431 King Street
$50,000
5219
?
New Store Building
Corner of King
and Fulton
Streets
5220
Charleston,
School Board
Burke Industrial School
additions
207 President
Street
J,
5221
Masonic Temple
Danzler Lodge 318
?
5222
St. John's
School District
#9
New School Building,
Rockville Elementary
John's Island
5223
Dr. Petro Botzis
New Home
Crescent
Subdivision
5224
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Central Graded School,
new building
Edisto Island, SC
5225
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Rantowles Graded
School
Rantowles, SC
5226
Barshay's
Department
Store
Alterations and Additions
Summerville, SC
5227
Hardeeville
School District
Additions, "Consolidated
Colored School"
Hardeeville, SC
5228
Pendleton
Realty Co.
U.S. Post Office
North
Charleston, SC
$45,000
5229
Condon's
alterations
431 King Street
$50,000
5230
Belk-Robinson
Company
Details of Parkway
Entrance
Market Street
5231
Edward's Realty
Company
New Front
Naval Base, SC
5232
?
Hospital and Training
School for Nurses
Cannon Street
101
5233
John McAlister,
Inc.
Funeral Director
169 Meeting
Street
5234
Bishop J.J.
Russell
School Plant and Church
Building
Mt. Pleasant, SC
S95,000
St. Paul's
School District
School building
Edisto Island, SC
$150,000
Garden Theatre
ironwork
371-373 King
Street
Gloria Theatre
ironwork
329 King Street
Plantation
Restaurant
ironwork
10 Liberty Street
Riviera Theatre
ironwork
225-227 King
Street
Junior League
Speech School
school
? No address on
plans
$20,000
Charleston
School Board
school building
This could be
#5206 or #52 16
$511,000
1953
5301
Courtenay
School
New School Building
Corner of
Meeting Mary
Streets
5302
U.S.
Government?
School and Convent
Naval Base, SC
5303
Blessed
Sacrament
School
Alterations and Additions
U. S. Hwy 17
5303
Boy Scouts
Health Building for Boy
Scout Camp
Charleston
County
5304
Mr. H. L
Saltonstall
Conversion to
Apartments
4 Courthouse
Square
5304
Calhoun Super
Service Station
Building
SW Corner of
Meeting and
Calhoun Streets
102
5305
Mr. And Mrs. W,
R. Condon, Jr.
New Beach House
Sullivan's Island,
SC
5306
Mr. And Mrs.
Klugh Purdy
Alterations to Garage
Ridgeland, SC
5306
James F.
Condon and
Sons
Details of Escalators,
North Store
431 King Street
5307
St. Paul's
School District
#23
School District
Superintendent's Office
Younge's Island,
SC
$15,084
5308
Charleston
County School
Board
Burke Industrial School,
Auditorium
207 President
Street
5309
James F.
Condon and
Sons
Condon's Apartment
Building
5310
Jean Meyer
Remodeled Store Front,
Jean Meyer Dress Shop
315 King Street
5311
P. A. Yatrelis
Alterations and Additions
Summerville, SC
5312
Catholic
Seminary
Gateway
Aiken, SC
5313
Charleston
County Board of
Education
Office Layout
Charleston
County
5314
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Jasper County "Negro"
High School
Ridgeland, SC
$417,000
5315
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Coosawhatchie
Elementary School
Coosawhatchie,
SC
5316
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Hardeeville Consolidated
"Negro Elementary"
School, Additions
Hardeeville, SC
5317
G.L. Nungezer
Additions and Alterations
to Bayview Plantation
James Island,
SC
$15,027
5318
James Island
School District
#3
W. Gresham Meggett
School additions
James Island,
SC
103
5319
J. C. Penney
Renovations to Marks
Building
SE Corner of
King and
Calhoun Streets
5320
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Additions and
Renovations, Robertville
Elementary School
Robertville, SC
5321
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Additions and
Renovations, Ellis
Community Elementary
School
Ellis Community,
SC
5322
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Additions and
Renovations, Jasper
County Elementary
School
Ridgeland, SC
5323
Jasper County
Board of
Trustees
Additions and
Renovations, Good Hope
Elementary School
Good Hope
Community, SC
5324
James Island
School Board
James Island High
School additions
James Island,
SC
$56,524
5325
Charleston
County Council
Renovation of Offices
Old Citadel,
Marion Square
5326
Charleston
County Police
Alterations to Offices
Old Citadel,
Marion Square
5327
Charleston
County Council
County Hall Alterations
1000 King Street
$10,211
5328
Mr. And Mrs.
Gene M.
McNulty
Proposed Motel
St. George, SC
5329
St. Andrews
Village
?
5330
Charleston
School District
#20
New "White" Elementary
School
$400,000
5331
John McAlister,
Inc.
Alterations
169 Meeting
Street
104
5332
Our Lady of the
Valley Convent
Alterations and Additions
Aiken, SC
St. John's Board
of Trustees
school building
Rockville, SC
$150,000
1954 1
5401
Southern
Broadcasting
Co.
TV Building
$156,127
5402
?
Proposed Shop Building
St. Andrews
Village,
Charleston
5403
My Shop, Inc.
Shop
Liberty Street
5404
Adolph
Rodenberg
New Home
Charleston
County
5405
James Island
School Board
Cut Bridge Elementary
School (Murray LaSaine)
James Island,
SC
$192,000
5406
The Pinecrest
#12
House
?
5407
Mr. And Mrs.
Lamar
Murdauqh
New Home
Valdosta, GA
Plans w/
EAC
5408
Blessed
Sacrament
Parish
Proposed Recreation
Pavilion
U. S. Hwy 17
5409
Rodenburg's
Supermarkets,
Inc.
warehouse
U. S. Hwy 52
$201,356
5410
Henry Salerni
Store (cleaners and
tailors)
Naval Base, SC
$43,890
5411
Bishop J.J.
Russell
Sacred Heart Auditorium
888 King Street
$43,890
5412
St. John's
School District
#9
Mt. Zion "Negro"
Elementary School
John's Island, SC
5413
LaBrasca's
Motel
New Motel
King and
Cleveland
Streets
105
5414
Ralph R.
Coleman, T.
Allen Legare,
Jack White, et.
Al.
Office Building
Corner of Bull
Street and
Ashley Avenue
5415
James Island
School District
#3
Riverland Terrace School
Addition
James Island,
SC
$30,299
5416
Dr. R.M. Pauling
& Dr. Clay Evatt
Office Building
91 Rutledge
Avenue
5417
Mrs. Mary King
House
5418
Charleston
County Council
Law Office, 2nd Floor
109 Church
Street
5419
R. L. Walker
Walker Shopping Center
Georgetown, SC
5420
U.S.
Government
Additions to Depot
School
Parris Island, SC
$40,000
5421
Awendaw
School District
#1
Awendaw Graded
School, addition of new
heating room
Awendaw, SC
5422
Albert Sottile
Corona Theatre
Society Street
unexecuted
?
5423
Dr. and Mrs.
Gazes
Additions to Home
Country Club
Estates,
Charleston
5424
?
Joyner Motor Court
Georgetown, SC
5425
Edward's Inc.
Edward's 5, 10 and $1.00
store
Beaufort, SC
$100,000
5426
Bishop J.J.
Russell
Sacred Heart Church
Rectory additions
888 King Street
$12,000
5427
Mr. And Mrs.
Sam Trakas
New Home
Columbia, SC
106
5428
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill Elementary
School
Younge's Island,
SC
$139,945
5430
U.S.
Government?
Marine Corps Theatre
Building
Parris Island, SC
5431
?
St. Peter's Gym and
Auditorium
Columbia, SC
5432
James Island
School District
#3
2 classroom addition to
J.I. Grade School
James Island,
SC
$10,155
1955 1
5501
Hughes Motors,
Inc.
Warehouse
5502
Hughes Motors,
Inc.
Renovations of Building
Occupied by Crane
Company
5503
W. T. Grant
Store building
(Renovations or
Alterations?)
SE Corner of
King and
Calhoun Streets
5504
George M.
Hughes
Housing Project
Meeting Street
Road
5505
James Island
School District
#3
J.I. Elementary School
James Island,
SC
$125,000
5506
Wappetaw
Presbyterian
Church
New Church Building
McClellanville,
SC
5507
W. F. Condon
Proposed Motel
Rutledge Avenue
and Vanderhorst
Street
unexecuted
?
5508
Elks Home,
Lodge # 242
New Home for BPOE
Lodge #242
5509
St John's School
District #9
Mt. Zion Elementary
School
John's Island, SC
$116,408
5510
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Miley Hill Elem. School
Younge's Island,
SC
$140,061
5512
W. F. Condon
Guest House
Sullivan's Island,
SC
107
5513
Mr. And Mrs.
Joseph
Miklaszewski
House
Jamestown, SC
5514
Mr. And Mrs.
George
Nungezer
Additions and Alterations
to Home
E. Battery and
Council Streets
5515
Baker's
Memorial
Hospital
Proposed Kitchen and
Eating Facilities
5516
Mr. M. C. Wilson
New Home
Seabrook, SC
5517
Dr. and Mrs.
Siau
Additions to Home
Georgetown, SC
5518
Fellowship
Society
Renovations
370 King Street
5519
Our Lady Queen
of Peace School
New School Building
N. Augusta, GA
5520
James Island
School District
#3
J.I. High school addition
James Island,
SC
$56,524
5521
Mr. And Mrs.
Patat
Additions to Residence
Wappoo Heights
Subdivision
5522
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Additions to St. James
High School and
Elementary School
McClellanville,
SC
5523
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
New "Negro" Santee
Elementary School
McClellanville,
SC
$88,985
5524
Stella Maris
Parish
New Auditorium
Mt. Pleasant, SC
5525
Sam Berlin
Addition to Residence
38 Murray Blvd.
5526
Joseph P. Riley
Proposed Shop and
Office Building
161 Calhoun
Street
5527
James Island
School District
#3
W. Gresham Meggett
School additions
James Island,
SC
108
5528
St. Luke A. M.
E. Church
Alterations and Additions
St. Philip Street?
5529
Charleston
County Jail
Additions
?
5530
Mr. And Mrs.
James Genaris
Shop Building
Savannah Hwy
James Island
School District
#3
Cut Bridge Eiem. School
James Island,
SC
$64,185
1956
5601
S.C Highway
Department,
Motor Vehicle
Division
?
Charleston
County
5602
H. K. Purdy
Shopping Center
Ridgeland, SC
5603
Friedman's
Jewelers
Alterations
295 King Street
5604
St. John's
School District
#9
St. John's Elementary,
Additions & Cafeteria
John's Island, SC
$105,443
5605
St. John's
School District
#9
Addition Haupt Gap
School
John's Island, SC
$30,769
5606
Dr. J. S. Howell
Office Building
Charleston
County
5607
Mrs. G. L
Hockmeyer, Sr.
Proposed Rodenberg's
Market
Rutledge Avenue
and Sumter
Street
5608
H. Steeken &
Co.
Warehouse & garage
$15,449
5610
Anne's Shop
Alterations to Facade
312 King Street
5611
M. William
Frampton
Additions
20 Colonial
Street
109
5612
James Island
School District
#3
Murray La Saine (Cut
Bridge) Elementary
School cafeteria
James Island,
SC
$32,000
5613
James Island
School District
#3
J.I. Elementary School
cafeteria
James Island,
SC
350,000
5615
North
Charleston
Methodist
Educational Building
North
Charleston, SC
5616
Carroll B. Rivers
Building?
Byrnes Downs
Subdivision
5617
University of
Georgia
Marine Biology Lab
Sapelo Island,
GA
$60,000
5618
Mrs. Judith
Solomon
Cannon Shoe Store
alterations
252 King Street
$27,286
5620
Harold Petit
Home
Fenwick Dnve
5621
McClennan
Banks Memorial
Hospital
New Hospital
Courtenay Dnve
5622
McAlister's
Undertaking
Parlor
New Building
150 Wentworth
Street
$166,777
5623
Mr. And Mrs. R.
H. Robertson
Motel
Savannah Hwy
5624
J. C. Long
Alterations and Additions
10 Court House
Square
5625
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Sugar Hill Elementary
School (Minnie Hughes)
Younge's Island,
SC
$175,000
5626
Copleston's
Klendry
Rug Cleaning
Department?
573 Meeting
Street
$50,000
5627
W. F. Condon
Nightclub
?
5628
James Island
School District
#3
Classroom Additions
James Island,
SC
110
Jasper County
School District
#1
Jasper Co. Elem. School
Ridgeland, SC
S229.000
Jasper County
School District
#1
Coosawhatchie Elem.
School
Coosawhatchie,
SC
$144,295
1957 1
5701
John D. Holmes
Shopping Center
James Island
5702
Joe Bessinger
Piggy Park Drive Inn
Dorchester Road
5703
St. Peters
Catholic Church
Auditorium
Beaufort, SC
5704
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill H.S. Addition
Younge's Island,
SC
$75,000
5705
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Jane Edwards Elem.
Addition
Younge's Island,
SC
$20,000
5706
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill Elementary
School Addition
Younge's Island,
SC
$20,000
5707
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Mile Hill Elementary
Addition
Younge's Island,
SC
$20,000
5708
J. Mitchell
Graham
House
5709
John Larry
Pavilion
Folly Beach, SC
$35,000
5710
James Island
School District
#3
New White High School
Building
James Island,
SC
5710-
A
J.C. Long
Office Building
Savannah, GA
$400,000
5711
St. John's
School District
#9
Alterations, St. John's
High School
Johns Island, SC
5712
St. John's
School District
#9
Alterations, St. John's
High School
Johns Island, SC
111
5713
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Cafeteria for Elem. &
H.S.
McClellanville,
SC
$100,000
5714
Hay Oil
Company
Parking Center
5715
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
New Santee Elementary
School
McClellanville,
SC
$65,000
5716
?
Proposed Domestic
Relations Court [The
Center](Entry is illegible)
Charleston?
5717
Kerrison's
Parking Lot
260 King Street
5718
Franke Home
?Dormitory (Nursing
Home)
Calhoun Street
$75,000
5719
Charleston
County
Curbing and Sign Pylon,
County Hall
1000 King Street
5720
Arcade Theatre
and Shops
Alterations
1 & 3 Liberty
Street
5721
Albert Sottile
?
173 Rutledge
Avenue
5722
Dr. G. Creighton
Frampton
Additions to Home
Orange Street
5723
J. C. Long
Office Building
Savannah, GA
5724
Moultrie School
District #2
Moultrie Jr. High School
Mt. Pleasant, SC
5725
James Island
School District
#3
James Island (White)
High School, 8
Classroom Addition
James Island,
SC
5726
Dr. and Mrs. J.
Hugh Jackson
Home
?
5727
James Island
School District
#3
Addition Riverland
Terrace Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
$10,935
5728
William S.
Pearlman
Apartments
112
5729
John's Island
School District
Shop Building for Haupt
Gap School
John's Island. SC
5730
Hardeeville
School District
Heating Plan
Hardeeville. SC
5731
Moultrie School
District #2
Mamie P. Whiteside
Elem. School
Mt. Pleasant, SC
S53.907
5732
Unitarian
Church
Rectory
Ashley Avenue
and Murray Blvd.
535,000
1958
5801
C. 0. Thompson
Apartment Building
NE Corner of St
Philip and
Vanderhorst
Streets
5802
Kerrison's
Remodeling
260 King Street
5803
?
West Oak Shopping
Center
Charleston
5804
Wm. F, Condon,
Sr.
12 Unit Apartment
Building
Corner of
Rutledge &
Vanderhorst
$108,229
5805
Triest & Sholk
Agents
Shop Building
305 King Street
322,201
5806
Bishop J.J.
Russell
Bishop England School
Addition
Calhoun Street
577,500
5807
St. Paul's
School District
#23
St. Paul's H.S. Rehab.
Younge's Island
SC
571.401
5808
Mr. And Mrs.
Mollis A. Ayers
Motel, King Charles Motel
Hasell and
Meeting Streets
5809
Lafayette Motel
Motel
Savannah Hwy
5810
Marrion's
Cafeteria
?
Savannah. GA
5811
Moultrie School
District #2
4 Classroom Addition
Mt. Pleasant, SC
113
5812
Ashley Hall
Trustees
New Dormitory
172 Rutledge
Avenue
$100,000
5813
J.C. Long
Add. U.S. ENG. BLDG
Savannah, GA
$260,608
5814
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Addition St. Paul's H.S.
Younge's Island,
SC
$66,656
5815
Moultrie School
District #2
Mt. Pleasant Academy, 6
classroom addition
Mt. Pleasant, SC
$55,022
5816
John's island
School District
#9
Mt. Zion Elementary
School Addition
John's Island, SC
$11,177
5817
John's Island
School District
#9
John's Island Elementary
School Addition
John's Island, SC
$49,792
5818
Peter Botzis
Remodeling of [Bay]
Walgreen Drug Store
?
James Island
School District
#3
James Island High 8
classroom addition
James Island,
SC
$60,945
St. John's
School District
#9
St. John's H.S.
Rehabilitation
John's Island, SC
$62,990
1959 1
5901
Mr. P.M. Furris
Shop Buildings
308-310 King
StrPPt
5902
Wm. F. Condon,
Sr.
12 Unit Apartment
Building
Corner of
Rutledge &
Vanderhorst
$108,229
5903
Palmetto
Construction
Company
Office Building
Charleston
5904
Francis Marion
Hotel
[Dec] Ball Room
King Street
5905
Alex Tumboli
Apartment Building
7 Logan Street
5905
Mr. And Mrs.
Allison Seigling
Apartment Building
29 George Street
114
5906
Murray Silver
Motel
Savannah, GA
5907
Mrs, Rachel C.
Shogry
Home
Greenbriar Lane
$30,733
5908
Isle of Palms
School District
Isle of Palms Elementary
School
Isle of Palms, SC
5909
Dr. Peter Botzis
Home
1803 Darthmoor
Circle
$39,820
5910
James Island
School District
#3
Harbor View Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
$172,296
5911
B.L. Solomon &
Israel H.
Jacobson
New Office Building
34 George Street
5912
Knight's of
Columbus
Proposed Alterations to
Basement
Calhoun Street
5913
Moultrie School
District #2
Laing High School Locker
and Shower Room
Mt. Pleasant, SC
$10,344
5914
Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church
Educational Building
Wando Woods Baptist
Church
North
Charleston, SC
$66,958
5915
?
Building
34 George Street
unexecuted
5916
?
Doctor's Office Building
Fairfield, Conn
5917
James Island
School District
#3
Addition to W. Grisban
Meggett High School
James Island,
SC
5918
U.S. Department
of Agriculture
Proposed Building
Raleigh, NC
5919
Klyde Roberson
Manufacturing Plant
Charleston
5920
Midas Muffler
Shop
Additions
2036 Meeting
Street
115
North
Charleston
Methodist
1-95 trucking station
North
Charleston, SC
$190,055
1960 1
6001
Francis Marion
Hotel
Swamp Fox Room
King Street
6002
Mr. And Mrs.
Louis Garfield
Apartment Building
Grove Street
6003
John
Chrysostone
Building
Folly Beach, SC
6004
Beaufort Baptist
Church
Building
Beaufort, SC
6005
Folly beach
Methodist
Church
Educational Building
Folly Beach, SC
6006
Pepsi- Cola
Bottling
Company
Bottling Plant
Monck's Corner,
SC
$125,000
6007
Dr. Herman
Austrian and
Associates
Doctors' Office Building
Trumbull, Conn
6008
Masonic Temple
Building
145 St. Philip
Street
6009
Mr. And Mrs.
Alwyn Berlin
Home
Charleston
6010
The Mather
School
Dormitory, Gym and
Library
Beaufort, SC
$234,000
6011
Garden Road
Church of the
Nazarene
Sunday School Building
SC Hwy 61 and
Ashley Hall Road
6012
Elks Club
Additions
6013
Mr. And Mrs.
Walter Bulrow
Home
Broughton
Avenue
6014
Berlin Brothers
Building
Corner of Broad
and King Streets
6015
Fielding Funeral
Home
Mortuary
Corner of
Meeting Street
and Jacksonville
$50,000
116
6016
James Island
School District
#3
Addition to Grisban
Meggett Elementary
School
James Island
6017
James Island
School District
#3
Two Classroom Addition
King's Highway
Elementary School
James Island,
SC
6018
James Island
School District
#3
Two Classroom Addition
Murray La Saine School
James Island,
SC
6019
Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church
Educational Building
Charleston
Heights, SC
6020
Beaufort School
District
Additional Facilities for
Mather School
Beaufort, SC
6021
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Two Classroom Addition
Minnie Hughes
Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
6022
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Alterations to Santee E.
"Negro" School
McClellanville,
SC
6023
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Two Classroom Addition
Porcher Elementary
School
Awendaw, SC
6024
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Two Classroom Addition
to Lincoln School
McClellanville,
SC
1961 J
6101
Elks Club
Addition
Charleston
$62,742
6102
Charleston
County School
Board
King's Hwy Elementary
School, 8 Classroom
Addition
James Island
$73,860
6103
Mescon's
?
Morrison Blvd
and Huger Street
$50,000
6104
Coastal
Trailways
Charleston terminal
Calhoun Street
$40,000
6105
James Island
School District
#3
James Island High
School Gym
James Island,
SC
6106
U.S.
Government
Post Office Annex
North
Charleston, SC
$1,000,000
117
6107
Francis Marion
Hotel
Garage
King Street
6108
Francis Marion
Hotel
Renovation of Room
1135
King Street
6109
First National
Bank
Bank Building
Summerville, SC
$29,558
6110
Capt. And Mrs.
H.K. Rock
Home
Jacksonville, FL
6111
Condon's
Warehouse
19 Warren Street
$16,993
6112
?
Proposed Pine Haven
Expansion
Charleston
6113
James Island
School District
#3
Four Classroom Addition
James Island High
School
James Island,
SC
6114
James Island
School District
#3
Two Classroom Addition
Harborview Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
$16,400
6115
Charleston
County
Department of
Alternate 4th Floor
Charleston
$28,657
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
alterations to residence
201 Grove Street
1962 J
6201
Mr. And Mrs. A.
Chrysoston
Home
125 St. Margaret
Street
$22,835
6202
U.S.
Government
Armory
St. George, SC
$135,824
6203
Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church
Educational Building
(revised drawings)
Charleston
Heights, SC
$116,509
6204
Francis Marion
Hotel
Addition
King Street
6205
Public Savings
and Life
Insurance
District Office
Sumter, SC
118
6206
Mrs. Esther
Miller
Home
Lambs Sub-
Division North
Charleston, SC
6207
Benevolent
Society
Hospital and Training
School for Nurses
Kingstree, SC
6208
Dr. S.G.
Koutrouiakis
Office Building
Beaufort, SC
$26,300
6209
James Island
School District
#3
Stiles Point "White"
Elementary School
James Island,
SC
$164,281
6210
James Island
School District
#3
"Negro" Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
$160,996
6211
William
Pearlman
Pearlman Apartments
San Souci Street
6212
?
St. Stephens Municipal
Building
St. Stephens, SC
6213
Dorman's Oil
Paint Service
Building
Charleston
6214
J.L. Pressman
Proposed Development
Folly Beach, SC
6215
?
Greek Church
Fayetteville, NC
$119,600
6216
Rifle Club
Building
Ashley Park
Charleston, SC
6217
?
Auto Paint Shop
Columbia, SC
6218
Research
Foundation
Additions and Alterations
to Main Building
Sapelo Island,
GA
6219
Marion
?
Sullivan's Island,
SC
James Island
School District
#3
11 Classroom elementary
School
James Island,
SC
$125,000
Francis Marion
Hotel
Additions, Elevator
Shafts, etc.
King Street
$50,000
119
1963 1
6301
[West] Pulp and
Paper Company
Office Building
Summerville, SC
6302
?
Pearlman Apartments
San Souci Street
6303
Abraham's
Furniture Co.
Store Building
Corner of King
and John Streets
unexecuted
6304
Dr. J. T. Hiott
Apartment Building
142 Wentworth
Street
unexecuted
6305
Beaufort School
District
Additions Mather School
Beaufort, SC
6306
Berlin Brothers
Store and Office Building
King Street
6307
?
Additions to Botzis
Building
Cleveland Street
6308
Debacker &
Hottinger
Store Building
Corner of
Rutledge &
Calhoun
6309
Condon's
Alterations, north
431 King Street
6310
Mr. Castlebury
Motel
Valdosta, GA
6311
P.M. Clement
?
?
6312
Dr. Charles
Banov
Office Building
Corner of
Doughty Street
and Ashley
$31,992
6313
Pepsi-Cola
Bottling
Company
Additions Pepsi Cola
Bottling Co. Warehouse
Charleston
6314
?
Marina
Mt. Pleasant, SC
6315
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill High School,
Library Addition
Hollywood, SC
$20,000
120
6316
Emanuel A. M.
E. Church
Additions and Alterations
Calhoun Street
6317
U.S.
Government
Barracks Building
Naval
Ammunition
Depot
$250,000
6318
Francis Marion
Hotel
Parking Lot
King Street
6319
Francis Marion
Hotel
Renovation of 12th floor
for an apartment for
General Mark Clark
King Street
6320
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Robert D. Schroder
Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
$219,978
6321
St. James -
Santee School
District #1
Two Classroom Addition
to Lincoln School
Charleston
County
$30,353
6322
?
Westover Inn
Corner of Cherry
and Bee Street
6323
James Island
School District
#3
Harborview Elementary,
2 classroom addition
James Island,
SC
$98,369
6324
James Island
School District
#3
Stiles Point Elementary
School, 6 Classroom
Addition, & Additions to
Various Other Schools
James Island,
SC
$150,000
6325
James Island
School District
#3
James Island High
School 4 classroom
Addition
James Island,
SC
6326
James Island
School District
#3
King's Hwy Elementary
School (1 of many)
James Island,
SC
6327
Mr. T. Botzis
Building
?
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
alterations to residence
201 Grove Street
1964 1
6401
?
Orvin Apartments
48 Bull Street
1
121
6402
Howard R.
Chapman
Office Building
123 Meeting
Street
6403
Fidelity Masons
Lodge
James Island,
SC
6404
Morris Street
Baptist Church
Church building
25-29 Morris
Street
$400,000
6405
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill High School,
3 Classroom Addition
Hollywood, SC
$28,000
6406
Berlin Brothers
Office Building
117-119 King
Street
6407
Berkley Electric
Cooperative
Office Building
Monck's Corner,
SC
$125,000
6408
James Island
School District
#3
Murray La Saine (Cut
Bridge) Elementary
School Addition
James Island,
SC
$85,000
6409
Berkley Electric
Cooperative
Branch Building
Highway 37 and
Robert Road
6410
Abraham's
Furniture Co.
Store Building
Corner of King
and John Streets
unexecuted
6411
?
Auditorium
Charleston
6412
J.C. Long
"Big Bertha" Remodeling
King Street
6413
Charleston
County
Police Head Quarters
North
Charleston, SC
6414
Sisters of
Charity of Our
Lady of Mercy
Settlement House and
Community Center
America Street
6415
James Island
School District
#3
Gymnasiums for James
Island & W. Gresham
Meggett High Schools
James Island,
SC
$300,000
6416
J.C. Long
Addition
Savannah, GA
122
Greek
Community
Church
Fayetteville, NC
$120,000
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
alterations to residence
201 Grove Street
1965 1
6501
Church of the
Hellenic
Community
Educational Building and
Auditorium
Winston-Salem,
NC
6502
Van-Smith
Building Material
Company
Office and Warehouse
East Bay Street
$200,000
6503
?
Kings Shopping Center
Fayetteville, NC
6504
St. Elpis Greek
Orthodox
Church
Church
Hopewell, VA
6505
Windsor Baptist
Church
Alterations and Additions
North
Charleston, SC
6506
Farmers and
Merchants Bank
of Holly Hill
Bank Building
Monck's Corner,
SC
$60,000
6507
St. George
Hellenic
Community
Community and
Educational Building
Greenville, SC
6508
Rittenberg,
Graham, and
Seymour
Office Building
111 Meeting
Street
6509
Irene B.
Constantine
Apartment Building
Corner of
Rutledge Avenue
and Maverick
6510
Condon's
Drive-In Restaurant
?
unexecuted
6511
Berlin Brothers
Store building (Berlin's?)
Corner of King
and Broad
Streets
$100,000
6512
Mr. And Mrs. Pat
Leonard
Addition to Studio
James Island,
SC
123
6513
Mr. And Mrs.
Abe Thorny
New Building for
Calhoun's
Sumter, SC
6514
Miriam Lem
Laundry
Charleston, SC
6515
[Szazay]
Verones
Office Building
Aiken, SC
6516
Everett Smith
Pepsi Cola Bottling Co.
Warehouse & Office
Charleston
$170,000
6517
George Bazakas
Professional Building
Summerville, SC
6518
J.C. Long
Parking Garage
Savannah, GA
6519
James Island
School District
#3
School Addition
James Island,
SC
375,900
6520
James Island
School District
#3
School Addition
James Island,
SC
$24,800
6521
James Island
School District
#3
Stiles Point Elementary
School, 6 Classroom
Addition
James Island,
SC
$74,300
6522
James Island
School District
#3
Office of the District
Superintendent,
Additions
James Island,
SC
6523
J.C. Long
Office Building
Savannah, GA
Berkley Electric
Cooperative
Additions
Monck's Corner,
SC
1966 1
6601
St. Paul's
School District #
23
Additions to St. Paul's
High School
Younge's Island,
SC
6602
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Library Conversions
Younge's Island,
SC
$11,040
124
6603
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Additions to Baptist Hill
Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
6604
St. Paul's
School District
#23
New Cafeteria for Baptist
Hill Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
6605
St, Paul's
School District
#23
Additions to Miley Hill
Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
6606
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Additions to Jane
Edwards Elementary
School
Edisto Island, SC
6607
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Additions to Minnie
Hughes Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
not
executed
6608
Hertz
Proposed Trucking
Station
North
Charleston, SC
6609
?
Hawthorne Aviation
Building
Charleston
6610
Drs. Edwards
and Brock
Office Building
4 Mendelson
Street
6611
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Library Conversions
Younge's Island,
SC
$11,040
6612
Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
church
Educational Building
North
Charleston, SC
6613
Bethel Baptist
Church
Rehab of existing church
Sumter, SC
$72,342
6614
Miller Cadillac
Company
Building
?
6615
Mr. Hamish
Turner
Renovation of
Apartments
36 Pitt street
$18,348
6616
Renken Boat
Co.
Rehabilitation
North
Charleston, SC
$25,000
6617
Dr. W.W.
Vallotton
Alterations to residence
?
125
6618
Mr. And Mrs.
Charles W.
Shealy
Residence
Younge's Island,
SC
6619
Mr. George B.
Bishop
Alterations and Additions
to Building
Monck's Corner,
SC
6620
Beaufort Baptist
Church
Additions
Beaufort, SC
$3,000
6621
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Baptist Hill High School,
Additions
Hollywood, SC
$75,000
6622
Angus Steak
House
New Building
Savannah Hwy
6623
J.C. Long
Parking garage for
Downtown Motel
Charleston
6624
McClellanville
School District
#1
Alterations and Additions
to Lincoln High and
Elementary Schools
McClellanville,
SC
6625
Palace Realty
Company
Proposed Development
Charleston
6626
Nemouxs
Plantation
Pool House
Yemassee, SC
6627
Coastal States
Office Building
Northwest
Corner of King
and Congress
$61,185
6628
Palmetto
Construction
Company
Wholesale Building
?
6629
James Island
School District
#3
4 Classroom addition
James Island,
SC
$30,000
6630
James Island
School District
#3
4 Classroom addition
James Island,
SC
$30,000
6631
James Island
School District
#3
4 Classroom addition
James Island,
SC
$30,000
1967 1
6701
J.C. Long
Proposed Five Story
Building
Charleston
126
6702
James Island
School District
#3
Proposed Vocational
Building Gresham
Meggett School
James Island,
SC
6703
James Island
School District
#3
Music Building James
Island High School
James Island,
SC
6704
Mr. Combs
Residence
Charleston
6705
Mr. and Mrs.
Edwin L. Happ
Residence
Aiken, SC
6706
Mr. And Mrs.
Everett Smith
Residence
Mt. Pleasant, SC
6707
J.C. Coag
Paul Motor Company
Building
Charleston
6708
John's Island
School District
#9
Haupt Gap School
Alterations
John's Island, SC
6709
John's Island
School District
#9
John's Island High and
Elementary School Gym
and classroom building
John's Island, SC
$350,000
6710
John's Island
School District
#9
Haupt Gap High and
Elementary School Gym
John's Island, SC
$270,000
6711
Condon's
Eating Facilities for
Condon's
431 King Street
6712
Bethel
Presbyterian
Church
Church building
Walterboro, SC
$125,000
6713
J.C. Long
12 Unit Apartment
Building
Charleston
6714
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Robert Schroder School,
Library Addition
Younge's Island,
SC
$35,000
6715
Windsor Baptist
Church
Proposed Church Facility
Ashley
Phosphate Road
6716
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Miley Hill Elem. School
Younge's Island,
SC
127
6717
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Addition to St. Paul's
High School Gym
Younge's Island,
SC
6718
St, Paul's
School District
#23
Minnie Hughes
Elementary School
Younge's Island,
SC
6719
McClellanville
School District
#1
Remodeling of Kitchen
and Gym Lincoln School
McClellanville,
SC
$35,000
6720
Charleston
County Police
Department
Addition to Police Station
?
6721
Windsor Baptist
Church
Church and Educational
Facilities
Ashley
Phosphate Road
6722
J. P. [Liaghorse]
Shopping Center
?
6723
Mr. Milton
Schwartz
Residence Remodeling
1054 Keats
Street
6724
Nicholas Sottile
Apartments, Cluster Type
?
6725
Abraham's
Furniture Co.
Store Building
Corner of King
and John Streets
6726
St. Paul's
School District
#23
Library Addition Robert
Schroder School
Younge's Island,
SC
$35,000
6727
Hibben
Methodist
Church
Church
Mt. Pleasant, SC
1968 1
6801
James Island
School District
#3
Store Room W. Gresham
Meggett School
James Island,
SC
6802
Charleston
Police
Department
Sub-Station # 1
James Island,
SC
6803
Charleston
Police
Department
Sub-Station #2 and 3
Mt. Pleasant, SC
128
6804
First Baptist
Church
?
6805
John's Island
School District
#9
Haupt Gap High and
Elementary School Shop
building
John's Island, SC
$35,000
6806
St. Andrew's
School District
St. Andrew's Shop
Building
St. Andrew's, SC
$35,000
6807
Ed Stehmeyer
Office Building
?
6808
John's Island
School District
#9
Gym John's Island
School
John's Island, SC
6809
John's Island
School District
#9
John's Island High and
Elementary School Shop
building
John's Island, SC
$35,000
6810
John's Island
School District
#9
Haupt Gap High Gym
John's Island, SC
6811
St. Matthew's
Church
?
?
6812
Tibwin
Community
Development Club
Recreation Association
Building
?
6813
Newland
Development
Company
Dorchester Gardens
Apartments
North
Charleston, SC
6814
James Island
School District
#3
Music and Shop
Buildings Fort Johnson
High School
James Island,
SC
$107,000
1969 1
6901
J.C. Long
Office Building
Savannah, GA
$650,000
6902
?
Craft School
Rehabilitation
?
6903
Dr. Paul
Buc[hanan] and
Dr. Ray Hayes
Office Building and
Shops
?
6904
Greek Church
Building
Fayetteville, NC
6905
James Island
School Distnct
#3
Changes to Gresham
Meggett School
James Island,
SC
$90,000
129
6906
Charleston
County School
District
Conversion of Existing
Building to Maintenance
Building
Charleston
$75,000
6907
J.C. Long
Ashley Theatre
Charleston
6908
J.C. Long
Mt. Pleasant Theatre
Mt. Pleasant, SC
6909
Greek
Community
Church, School and Hall
Raleigh, NC
$300,000
6910
?
Conversion of Wallace
School
7
$75,000
6911
St. James-
Santee School
District #1
Rehab of existing
cafeteria building
McClellanville,
SC
$10,000
6912
Margiotta
Sewing Machine
Company
Addition
?
Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine
alterations to residence
201 Grove Street
1970 1
7001
Charleston
County Welfare
Department
Renovations
Charleston
County
$60,000
7002
Mr. And Mrs.
Edwin H.
Poulnot, Jr
Rehabilitation of Beach
House
Sullivan's Island,
SC
7003
?
Proposed Hotel
Aiken, SC
7004
?
Proposed Typical Pre-
Vocational Buildings for
Elementary and High
Schools
7005
Newland
Development
Company
Highland Garden
Apartments, Community
Building and Pool
Charleston, SC
$12,500
7006
Charleston
County School
District
Middleton High School
Shop Alterations
St. Andrews
Parish,
Charleston
$37,332
130
7007
Perkins
Pancake House
?
?
7008
Dr. [M] Cord
Kitchen
?
7008
Charleston
County
Charleston County Police
H.Q. Annex addition and
renovations
North
Charleston, SC
3112,384
7009
Georgia N.
Palassis
Palassis Apartments
North
Charleston, SC
$250,000
7010
Dr. J. Hampton
Hoch
Residence
John's Island, SC
$30,000
7011
Mr. James
Mitchell
Beach House
Edisto Beach
7012
Charleston
County School
District
Sullivan's Island
Academy, 2 classroom
addition
Sullivan's Island,
SC
$21,450
7013
Dr. Dan L.
Maguire, Jr
Office
?
7014
G.N. Palassis
and P. Banis
Siesta Motel, 24 unit
addition
North
Charleston, SC
$153,406
7015
Emanuel Baptist
Church
?
Summerville, SC
1971 1
7100
Francis Marion
Hotel
Garage
King Street
7101
Mr. Ginesberg
Building
Spruill Avenue
7102
Charleston Air
Force Base
742nd Radar Squadron
Entrance Additions
North
Charleston, SC
7103
Ducker and
Kennedy
Renovation of Exterior of
Prescription Center
Corner of
Rutledge and
Bull Streets
131
7104
James Island
School District
#3
Bathroom Facilities for
St. John's Elementary
and High School and
Stiles Point Elementary
School
James Island,
SC
7105
Charleston
County School
District
Lincoln School Gym
McClellanville,
SC
$342,933
7106
J.C. Long
Castle Building
Savannah, GA
$650,000
7107
? Spur
Residence
7108
Calvary A. M. E.
Church
?
Union Heights,
SC
7109
Dr. D.L
Maguire, Sr.
Office
145 Wentworth
Street
7110
St. James
United
Presbyterian
Church building
James Island,
SC
$400,000
7111
Gallitte Church
of Christ
?
Edisto Beach,
SC
7112
Morris Sokol
Furniture
Warehouse
Charleston
1972 1
7201
College of
Charleston
Learning Resources
Center
Charleston
$225,000
7202
Dr. And Mrs.
Charles Darby,
Jr.
Home
Seaside Farms
$100,000
7203
Mr. And Mrs.
Ray Ball
Duplex Apartments
James Island,
SC
$20,000
7204
Sea Island
Academy
12 classroom school
John's Island, SC
$132,000
7205
Loudy Mountain
Baptist Church
?
North
Charleston, SC
132
7205
[Railing's]
Greek Church
Charleston
7206
Karen
Martschink
Distributing
?
Beaufort, SC
7207
D.J. Stroble
1-95 trucking station
1-95
$124,880
7208
D. J. Stroble
Addition to Buildings
Summerville, SC
7209
St. Mark's
Lutheran Church
Church building
Isle of Palms, SC
$125,000
7210
Masonic Lodge?
Masonic Building Project
Charleston
7211
Burke High
School
Storage Building
207 President
Street
$9,873
7212
Food Services
Supply, inc.
Facade
Charleston
7213
Social Security
Administration
Building
Beaufort, SC
7214
J. C. Long
"Big Bertha" Apartments
[remodeling or
alterations]
1050-1054 King
Street
7215
Dr. Vailottons
Alterations to Residence
Charleston
7216
Charleston Arms
Apartments
Office Building
North Charleston
7217
Welfare
Department
Alterations (The Center)
Charleston?
7218
J. C. Long
? For the Francis Marion
Hotel
King Street
1973 1
7301
City of
Charleston
Gymnasium
Corner of
Hagood and
Fishburne
$384,498
133
7302
Hugh Wilson
Residence
McClellanville,
SC
$28,355
7303
Gifford-Hill Inc.
Cement Plant
Harleyville, SC
$500,000
7303
Fred Norris &
Roy Varner
Motel and Restaurant
facilities
Eutawville, SC
$150,000
7304
Charleston Air
Force Base
Officers' Open Mess
Club, alterations
Charleston Air
Force Base
$70,000
7305
Bethel
Presbyterian
Church
Educational Facilities
Walterboro, SC
$125,000
7306
Jackson
Opticians
?
Charleston
7307
Lonne Hamilton,
IV
Additions to House
Charleston?
7308
Charleston
County
Cooper River Memorial
Library, Additions
Charleston
7309
Burke School
Cafeteria and Kitchen
207 President
Street
$251,474
7310
Charleston
County
Renovations
133 Calhoun
Street
$147,267
7311
College of
Charleston
[illegible]
Charleston
7312
Dr. & Mrs. R.R.
Bradham
kitchen renovation
Murray Blvd.
$12,500
7313
College of
Charleston
Fine Arts Building
Charleston
7314
Mr. And Mrs. D.
Montgomery
Home
Watkinsville, GA
7315
Greater St.
James Bethel
Methodist
Additions
Wadmalaw
Island, SC
134
7316
College of
Charleston
Lesesne House, guest
house rehab.
Charleston
$30,000
7317
Mr. Elliott
Constantine
Home
Folly Beach, SC
7318
Citadel Square
Baptist Church
Additions
Meeting Street
7319
?
Renovation of Courtyard
Center Building
?
7320
City of
Charleston
Fire Station
Charleston
7321
City of
Charleston
Fire Station #10
Nicholson & U.S.
Hwy 17
$117,524
7322
City of
Charleston
Portable Fire Station
Charleston
7323
Citadel Square
Baptist Church
Thomas A. Brookbanks
Memorial
Meeting Street
$8,500
7324
Citadel Square
Baptist Church
Rehabilitation of Music
Room
Meeting Street
7325
Mr. And Mrs.
James Randall
[Davis?]
Residence
Monck's Corner,
SC
7326
Welfare
Department
Renovations
Charleston
$25,000
7327
First National
Bank of Holly
Hill
?
Summerville, SC
7328
Jack White
[illegible]
Charleston?
7328
John Reynolds,
MD
Cottage Plantation
Charleston?
1974 1
7401
Charleston
County Welfare
Department
Day Care Renovations
Charleston
135
7402
City of
Charleston
Recreation Building
Charleston
$21,184
7403
Ashley River
Baptist Church
?
Charleston
7404
R. R. Bradham
Town Houses
Short Street
$12,000
7405
J. C. Long
High Rise Building
?
7406
Department of
Social Services
Cubicle for Bill Knowles
?
$2,000
7407
Dr. W. W.
Vaiiotton
?
St. Paul's Parish,
SC
7408
Mr. Crawford
Cemetery Lot Lay-out at
Bethany Cemetery
Charleston
7409
Jeffries,
McLeod, Unger,
Fraser
Office Renovations
Walterboro, SC
7411
College of
Charleston
College Inn, Renovations
Calhoun Street '?
$26,143
7412
College of
Charleston
Craig Hall Renovation
Wentworth
Street
$18,363
7413
College of
Charleston
Toilet Changes
Charleston
7414
Charleston
County Masonic
Temple
Masonic Temple
Grove Street
$1,200,000
7415
College of
Charleston
College Lodge
Calhoun Street
7416
College of
Charleston
Renovations to J. C.
Long Building
Liberty and St.
Philip Streets
7417
City of
Charleston
Tennis Center and Club
House
Charleston
$161,802
136
7418
College of
Charleston
College Inn ?
Calhoun Street?
7419
Gus Martschink
Warehouse and Office
Space
Charleston
1975 1
7501
Bill Leiand
Archibald Rutledge
Private School
McClellanville,
SC
3100,000
7502
Courtenay
School
Renovations
Meeting Street
7503
Charleston
County
Food Stamp Center
Renovations
Charleston
County
$15,639
7504
Stallsville United
Methodist
Church
Educational Building
Summerville, SC
$138,000
7505
Mr. K. D.
Hondros
Proposed Development
Fayetteville, NC
7506
College of
Charleston
Renovations
97 Wentworth
Street
$83,380
7507
College of
Charleston
Renovations
107 Wentw/orth
Street
$88,584
7508
College of
Charleston
Mobile Dormitory Units
Charleston
7509
College of
Charleston
Dormitories
Charleston
7510
Citadel
Transformer
Replacement
Charleston
$23,670
7511
Citadel
Padgett-Thomas, 268
Rooms
Charleston
$664,970
7512
College of
Charleston
Mobile Dormitory Units
Charleston
7513
College of
Charleston
Dormitory
Wentworth and
Coming Street
137
7514
Citadel
Barracks #2, new service,
panels, feeders
Charleston
$23,850
7515
College of
Charleston
New Brick Fence,
College Inn
Calhoun Street?
7516
Dr. Vallottons
Lake House
?
7517
George Lagare
Homes
Tenants' Assistance Day
Care
?
7518
Bethel
Presbyterian
Church
Douglas Hall,
Renovations
Walterboro, SC
$115,000
7519
?
?
Burns Lane
7520
Greater Zion A.
M. E. Church
?
?
7521
River Road Day
Care Center
?
River Road
7522
Peter's Field
Day Care
Center
?
?
7523
?
Recreation Center
?
1976
7601
Baker and
Palassis
Apartments
Suquoia Street
7602
College of
Charleston
Renovations
15 St. Philip
Street
$88,524
7603
College of
Charleston
Renovations
17 St. Philip
Street
$90,052
7604
Leventiss
Property
?
Calhoun Street
and Burns Lane
7605
D. E. Palassis
Apartments
?
Aberdeen
Avenue
138
7606
City of North
Charleston
Dorchester Fire Station
North
Charleston, SC
$171,869
7607
Clyde Burris
Liquor Store
Charleston
7608
W.W. Vallotton,
Doctor
Replace Residence
Folly Beach, SC
$33,000
7609
Jackson-
Davenport
Parking Lot
Charleston
7610
Bullwinkie
Mobile Homes
and Park
?
?
7611
Citadel
Padgett-Thomas
Barracks #2, renovation
Charleston
$664,970
7612
First National
Bank of Holly
Hill
Additions & Renovations
Summerville, SC
$120,000
7613
?
14 Apartment Units
Calhoun Street
7614
Zion Temple
Association
?
John's Island
7615
First Baptist
Church
Memorial Tablet
?
7616
Citadel
Law Barracks #3,
Transformer
Replacement, new
service panels and
feeders, telephone
raceways
Charleston
$30,924
7617
Citadel
Stevens Barracks #4,
Transformer
Replacement, new
service panels and
feeders, telephone
raceways
Charleston
$29,164
7618
&
7619
Citadel
Law Barracks #3 and
Stevens Barracks #4,
renovations
Charleston
$544,700
139
APPENDIX D: IMAGES
140
Figure D.l Marion Square Bandstand
(1944, demolished 3/2000)
Photographed by author
Figure D.2 Cowpertliwaite Building, 209-213 King Street
(1946) Approved for demolition on 3/17/00
Photographed by author
141
Figure D.3 Health, Education, and Welfare Office Building,
Atlanta, GA (1939)
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of
photograph unknown.
Figure D.4 J. C. Long Residence, Mt. Pleasant (1948)
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of
Photograph unknown
142
^ili iLM
- 1(
Figure D.5 Condon's Department Store, rendering, 431 King Street
(1946, 1947 with multiple campaigns)
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects.
Figure D.6 McClennan Banks Memorial Hospital, rendering, Courtenay
Drive (1956)
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects.
143
Figure D.7 Haverty's Furniture Store, 294 King Street
Now Dumas (1942)
Photographed by author
Figure D.8 Van Smith Building Materials, 276 East Bay Street
(1949) Now Anchor Bank
Photographed by author
144
Figure D-9 Martschink Building, 26 Cumberland Street (1944)
Photographed by author
Figure D-10 309 King Street, date unknown
Photographed by author
145
Figure D.ll Charleston County Hall, 1000 King Street (1953) Now King
Street Palace
Photographed by author
Figure D,12 Marilyn's Shoe Store, 299 King Street (1945)
Photographed by author
146
Figure D.13 McAlister's Mortuary, rendering (1953)
163 Meeting Street
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects
Figure D.14 McAlister's Mortuary (1956)
150 Wentworth Street
Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects
147
Figure D.15 Morris Street Baptist Church, 25-29 Morris
Street (1964)
Photographed bv author
Figure D.16 Blessed Sacrament Church, U.S. Highway 17 (1950)
Photographed by author
148
APPENDIX E: SAMPLING OF BOOKS FROM
CONSTANTINE'S OFFICE
149
List of Books
Abel, Joseph H. and Fred N. Severud. Apartment Houses. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 1947.
American Face Brick Association, The. English Precedent for Modern Brichvork:
Plates and Measured Drawings of English Tudor and Georgian Brickwork, with a
Few Recent Versions By American Architects in the Spirit of the Old Work. New
York; The Architectural Forum, 1924.
Birkmire, William H. The Planning and Construction of High Office Buildings. New
York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1898.
Burris-Meyer, Harold and Edward C. Cole. Theatres and Auditoriums. New York:
Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1949.
Creighton, Thomas, et. al. Homes: Selected by the Editors of Progressive Architecture .
New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1947.
Fischer and Jirouch, Company, The. Interior and Exterior Decorative Ornament:
Catalogue # 12. Cleveland: The Fischer and Jirouch Company, 1931.
General Electric Company. Hospital Handbook for Architects and Engineers. New
York: General Electric Company, 1949.
Holdt, H. Picturesque Greece: Architecture, Landscape, Life of the People Berlin:
Ernst Wasmuth, LTD, 1928.
Kelly, J. Frederick. Early Connecticut Architecture: Measured Drawings with Full Size
Details of Moulded Sections Supplemented by Photogixiphs. New York: William
Helburn, Inc., 1924.
Knobloch, Philip G. Good Practice in Construction. New York: The Pencil Points Press,
Inc., 1923.
McGoodwin, Henry. Architectural Shades and Shadows Boston: Bates and Guild
Company, 1904.
Olsen, Peter C. Architectural Terra Cotta: Standard Construction New York; National
Terra Cotta Society, 1914.
Ramsey, Charles George, and Harold Reeve Sleeper. Architectural Graphic Standards.
New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1957.
150
Rosenfield, Isadore. Hospitals: Integrated Desig?!. New York: Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, 1947.
Sexton, R.W. The Logic of Modern Architecture: The Desigfi of Exteriors and Interiors
of Modern American Buildings. New York: Architectural Book Publishing
Company, 1929.
Sherman, David E., and Richard Wilcox. Literary England: Photographs of Places
Made Memorable in EngUsh Literature. New York: Random House, 1944.
Sleeper, Harold Reeve. Architectural Specifications. New York: John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1940.
Smith, J. Frazier. Wliite Pillars: Early Life and Architecture of the Lower Mississippi
Valley. New York: William Helburn, Inc , 1941
Speltz, Alexander. Styles of Ornaments. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1952
Stoney, Samuel Gaillard. Plantations of the Carolina Low Country. Charleston: The
Carolina Art Association, 1939.
Wallace, Philip B. Colonial Houses: Philadelphia Pre-Revolutionary Period. New
York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 193 1.
. Colonial Ironwork of Old Philadelphia: The Craftsmanship of the Early Days of
the Republic. New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1930
Waterman, Thomas Tileston. The Mansions of Virginia. 1706-1776. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1945.
Weiss, Egon. The Design of Lettering. New York: The Pencil Points Press, Inc., 1932.
Wills, Royal Barry. The Business of Architecture. New York: Architectural Book
Publishing Company, 1941.
. Houses for Good Living. New York: Architectural Book Publishing
Company, 1940.
Zucker, Paul, Ed. New Architecture and City Planning. New York: Philosophical
Library, Inc., 1944.
151
Index
A.I.A., 20, 22, 24
Academy, 31, 32
American Academy in Rome, 3 1
American Theatre, 18, 20, 45
apartment, 3, 10, 18, 20, 53, 55
Arcade Theatre, 18, 45, 46, 47
ArtDeco, 1, 2, 9, 15, 19, 21, 28, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57
BAR, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12
Board, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13
Board of Architectural Review, 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 11
Botzis, 16, 42
Broad Street, 4, 1 1
Burke Industrial School, 50, 51
Carolina Art Association, 4, 24
Carrara, 40
Caulkis, Greece, 16
Charleston, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20,21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 36,
39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55,
56, 57
Chase Furniture, 20, 39, 40, 44, 45
Chicco Apartments, 53, 54
churches, 3, 20, 47
Citadel Alumni House, 33, 53
Citizens and Southern National Bank,
39,43
Classical, 1, 9, 15, 19, 23, 30, 32, 49, 54,
55
College of Charleston, 22
Colonial Revival, 2, 11, 52
Constantine, 1, 2, 3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19,20,21,28,29,30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57
Courtenay School, 49
Cowperthwaite Building, 2
Cummings, 26, 28
Dock Street Theatre, 25
earthquake, 5
Ebenezer A. M E Church, 47
Ecole des Beaux Arts, 31,32
Ellington, 21,23, 24,25,26
fire. 5. 11
Frampton,, 18
Georgia School of Technology, 14, 30
German Artillery Hall, 1 1
Gloria Theatre, 18, 35
Halsey, 1, 21, 26, 27
Halsey & Cummings, 2 1
Halsey and Cummings, 1, 26, 27
Hentz, Adler, and Shutze Architects, 14,
15
historic district, 1
Home Use Program, 53
International Correspondence School,
13, 14,35
International style, 1, 19, 36, 37
J. J Goodrum house, 33
King Street, 2, 3, 10, 18, 20, 27, 33, 39,
43,45, 55
Kiwanis Club, 19
Kronsberg, 52, 53
Liollio, 17, 18, 19,20,49, 50, 51
Lowndes Grove Plantation, 22
Marilyn Shoes, 44
Marion Square Bandstand, 2, 10, 20, 48
McAlister's Mortuary, 55
McCrady,, 27, 28
McKim,, 3 1
McKim, Meade, and White, 3 1
Mies van der Rohe, 55
Mitchell, 22, 24
Moderne, 1, 9, 15, 19, 21, 28, 35, 37, 38
40,41,42,44,46, 55, 56, 57
Morris Street Baptist Church, 47, 49
National Housing Agency, 53
National Planning Conference, 24
National Register of Historic Places, 9
Old and Historic District, 4, 6, 10, 22,
35,45
Old City District, 4, 10
Orders, 15, 30
152
ordinance, 1, 2, 4, 10, 11
Perkins and Will, Inc, 50
Powers, 17, 18, 19, 20, 34,49
Queen Anne, 12, 29
Randolph Hall, 23
Reynolds, 16
Riviera, 2, 18,45
Robert Mills, 23
Rome Prize, 3 1
school, 14, 19, 20, 27, 28, 31, 49, 50, 51,
52,55
Shutze, 14, 15, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35
Simons, 1, 6, 7, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28
Simons and Lapham, 1, 7, 21, 22, 23, 25,
28
Society for Preservation of Old
Dwellings, 24
Sottile, 12, 18, 35, 40, 44
South Carolina Historical Society, 24
St. Luke's A. M. E. Church, 49
St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 22
St. Philip Street Shops, 39, 40, 44
Streamline Moderne, 38
student drawings, 30
Stuhr's Funeral Home, 1 1
Techwood Homes, 24
theaters, 3, 18,20, 35,37,44
Van Smith Building Materials Company,
49
Vitrolite, 40, 46
Wentworth Realty Company, 18, 40
Wilson-Sottile House, 12
World War I, 4, 5,31
wrought iron, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47,
53
15:
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